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ISLAMABAD: Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have agreed to ensure the timely completion of documentation and procedural formalities to accelerate the implementation of the Main Line-1 (ML-1) railway project, with a focus on the Karachi-Rohri section.
A high-level meeting chaired by Minister for Economic Affairs Ahad Cheema reviewed the project’s implementation framework and deliberated on measures to fast-track progress. Secretary Economic Affairs Muhammad Humair Karim and Secretary Railways Mazhar Ali Shah briefed the participants on ongoing preparatory arrangements, while ADB Country Director Emma Fan and senior Bank officials also took part in the discussions.
The ADB is expected to approve a financing facility of approximately USD 1.2 billion to rehabilitate the Karachi-Rohri section of Pakistan Railways’ ML-1 project. The Bank is also planning to engage other development partners as co-financiers for the remaining corridor stretching from Karachi to Peshawar.
Minister Cheema directed the Ministry of Railways to accelerate the documentation process in close coordination with the ADB and the Economic Affairs Division. He underscored that Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif is keen to hold the groundbreaking ceremony for the ML-1 project this year, and that securing ADB funding in the upcoming fiscal year remains a key government priority.
The Minister further instructed the Ministry of Railways to work in tandem with the Planning Division to ensure readiness of the PC-1 and all other mandatory project requirements, emphasising efficiency and transparency throughout the process.
ADB Country Director Emma Fan reaffirmed the Bank’s commitment to supporting Pakistan in expediting documentation and related formalities. She confirmed that the ADB would ensure the timely hiring of the PRF consultant and would endeavour to minimise the project review timeline.
ML-1 is regarded as a strategically significant initiative that will substantially improve freight movement and strengthen railway services nationwide.
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Cities are getting hotter. Green spaces are shrinking. Biodiversity is disappearing from urban landscapes at an alarming rate. The world urgently needs a smart, scalable, and proven solution. The Miyawaki Forest is exactly that.
This rapid urban reforestation method is transforming roadsides, school grounds, and barren plots into thriving ecosystems. It is gaining momentum across Asia, Europe, the Americas, and the Middle East.
Quick Facts: Miyawaki Forest at a Glance
Factor
Detail
Invented By
Professor Akira Miyawaki, Japan (1970s)
Minimum Land Required
As small as 9 sq meters
Planting Density
3 saplings per square meter
Growth Speed
Up to 10x faster than conventional forests
Self-Sustaining After
2–3 years
Global Trees Planted
40+ million native trees worldwide
Also Known As
Pocket Forest, Tiny Forest, Urban Mini-Forest
What Is a Miyawaki Forest?
A Miyawaki Forest is a dense, multi-layered plantation of native trees and shrubs. It is grown on very small plots of land. The method recreates the structure of a natural, mature forest but in a fraction of the time. It is also known as a Tiny Forest or Pocket Forest. These names all refer to the same core concept: planting diverse native species in close proximity to mimic how nature builds forests.
The minimum land required is 9 square meters. This makes it perfect for cities where open land is scarce.
Who Was Akira Miyawaki?
The method is named after Professor Akira Miyawaki. He was a Japanese botanist and plant ecology expert. He spent over 40 years studying how native forests naturally regenerate.
His research led him to a powerful conclusion. If you plant the right native species, in the right density, the forest takes care of itself. He educated people on planting across more than 1,700 sites worldwide. Over 1,400 of those were in Japan alone. His work has resulted in the protection of more than 3,000 primary forests and the planting of over 40 million native trees globally. His legacy is now growing faster than ever.
The Core Principle: Potential Natural Vegetation
Every region on Earth has a natural plant community that would thrive there without human interference. Scientists call this the Potential Natural Vegetation (PNV).
The Miyawaki Forest method is built on this concept. Only species that belong naturally to a given area are selected. These indigenous plants have spent thousands of years adapting to the local soil, rainfall, and climate. They do not need fertilisers. They do not need pesticides. They simply grow.
This is what makes the approach fundamentally different from conventional tree planting.
How Does the Miyawaki Method Work?
The science behind a Miyawaki Forest is elegant. When native trees are planted very close together, they compete for sunlight. This competition forces them to grow rapidly upward rather than spread sideways.
The result is fast, dense, vertical growth. The canopy closes quickly. It shades out weeds. Leaf litter builds up. Soil fertility improves. Insects, birds, and beneficial fungi arrive naturally. The entire ecosystem assembles itself.
After just two to three years, the forest becomes completely self-sustaining. No watering. No weeding. No maintenance required.
Studies and practitioners report that a Miyawaki Forest can grow up to 10 times faster than a conventional plantation. It can also support up to 30 times more biodiversity. It is worth noting that some ecologists have raised questions about these figures. The faster growth may reflect quicker ecological succession rather than raw tree height. This distinction matters for setting realistic expectations.
The 4-Step Planting Process
Planting a Miyawaki Forest follows a clear, structured process.
Step 1: Survey and Identify Native Species
The first step is to study the site carefully. Botanists identify which species would naturally grow within about 20 kilometres of the location. A recommended diversity range is 50 to 100 native species. Local and indigenous knowledge is invaluable at this stage.
Step 2: Prepare the Soil
Urban soils are often compacted and nutrient-poor. The soil is improved by digging pits and incorporating organic matter. Compost, manure, and dead vegetation are commonly used. A slight mound is sometimes built to mimic the natural forest floor. Cardboard and a thick layer of wood chips or compost are placed on top to suppress weeds and retain moisture.
Step 3: Dense Planting
Saplings up to 80 centimetres tall are planted at approximately 3 per square metre. No two saplings of the same species are placed next to each other. All species are planted at the same time. This random, diverse arrangement mirrors how a natural forest seed bank works.
Step 4: Early Maintenance
The forest needs watering and weeding for the first two to three years. This is the most demanding phase. After that, the forest becomes independent. The investment of time and effort in the early years pays off for decades.
Key Benefits of a Miyawaki Forest in Urban Areas
A Miyawaki Forest delivers rapid environmental, social, and economic benefits, making it one of the most effective nature-based solutions for modern cities.
Environmental Impact
A Miyawaki Forest delivers measurable environmental benefits quickly.
It sequesters carbon faster than slow-growing conventional forests. It creates a cooling microclimate that directly reduces the urban heat island effect. Dense canopy cover lowers local temperatures. Root systems improve water infiltration and reduce surface run-off. Soil erosion is significantly reduced on previously bare urban land.
Biodiversity Recovery
Urban areas are biological deserts for most wildlife. A Miyawaki Forest changes rapidly. The dense, layered structure provides habitat for birds, insects, pollinators, and soil organisms. Biodiversity appears within months of planting.
Community and Social Benefits
The benefits extend beyond ecology. UNESCO has actively endorsed the use of Miyawaki Forest planting within urban schools. Children learn directly about native ecosystems. Communities come together during planting events. Access to green space improves mental health and physical well-being.
Barren roadsides, abandoned lots, school yards, and even landfills have been transformed through this approach.
Long-Term Cost Efficiency
The upfront cost is higher than that of conventional tree planting. However, the long-term cost is very low. Once established, the forest needs almost no maintenance. It functions entirely on its own. For municipalities managing tight budgets, this is a significant advantage.
Miyawaki Forests Around the World
The global adoption of the Miyawaki Forest method tells a compelling story.
Japan remains the origin and heartland of the method. Thousands of sites have been established across the country since the 1970s.
India has seen rapid scaling. Shubhendu Sharma founded Afforestt and applied the Miyawaki method to urban plots across Indian cities. The model attracted global attention and inspired organizations worldwide.
Pakistan has embraced the method at a governmental level. The Parks and Horticulture Authority of Lahore announced plans to develop what was described as Asia’s largest Miyawaki urban forest. The project planned to plant 112,500 indigenous trees across 100 Kanals in China Park near Saggian Bridge. An additional 15 locations across Lahore were included in the plan. The Nature Conservation Society of Pakistan has also established Miyawaki Forest plots in Sialkot, within Shahab U Din Park.
The United States has seen projects in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where a forest was planted over a landfill in Danehy Park, and in Los Angeles, inside Griffith Park.
Brussels, Belgium, has planted a 770-square-meter pocket forest of 20 native species within the city.
The Yakama Nation in Washington State planted seven pocket forests of 47 native species on a rehabilitation facility, totalling over 23,000 square feet.
These examples span continents, climates, and cultures. The method adapts wherever the right expertise and commitment are applied.
Honest Assessment: Pros and Cons
No solution is without limitations. A balanced view of the Miyawaki Forest method is important for anyone considering it.
Advantages
Rapid establishment of a dense, functional forest on small urban land
High biodiversity from the earliest stages
Self-sustaining after just two to three years
Applicable on plots as small as 9 square meters
Builds community engagement and environmental awareness
Effective across diverse climates, including arid and semi-arid zones
Limitations and Criticisms
High upfront cost. Sourcing large numbers of native nursery saplings is expensive. Quality native stock is not always available.
Disputed growth claims. The widely cited “10x faster growth” figure has been questioned by forestry researchers. The evidence may reflect faster ecological succession rather than actual growth rates.
Not scalable for large areas. The method is intensive and impractical for reforesting vast tracts of land.
Water demands in early years. In dry or Mediterranean climates, the initial watering requirement can be costly and resource-intensive.
Expertise is essential. Without proper botanical knowledge, poorly chosen species can result in an ecologically weak or disorganized plant community.
Wildfire risk. In fire-prone regions, very dense planting can increase fire hazard. Modified, less dense planting is recommended in these areas.
CSR exploitation concerns. Some critics have raised concerns that the method has been promoted primarily to attract corporate social responsibility funding, without rigorous outcome monitoring.
Being aware of these limitations helps cities and organizations design better, more accountable projects.
Is a Miyawaki Forest Right for Your City?
Before starting a project, ask these practical questions.
Does the site receive adequate rainfall, or can water be supplied for the first three years? Is native nursery stock available locally? Is there a qualified botanist or ecologist available to guide species selection? Is the community willing to participate in early maintenance? Are there fire risk considerations that require adjusted planting density?
If the answers are largely yes, a Miyawaki Forest project is likely viable and worthwhile.
The Road Ahead: Miyawaki Forests in 2026
Urban heat, biodiversity collapse, and climate anxiety are defining challenges of this decade. City planners are under pressure to act. Nature-based solutions are moving from optional to essential.
The Miyawaki Forest fits perfectly into this shift. It works on small, affordable plots. It delivers results within years, not decades. It engages communities. It builds resilience.
In 2026, governments, schools, corporations, and neighbourhoods worldwide are increasingly choosing the Miyawaki method as part of their urban greening strategies. Pakistan’s large-scale government projects, UNESCO’s school programs, and grassroots NGO initiatives in dozens of countries all point in the same direction.
The question for cities is no longer whether to plant a Miyawaki Forest. The question is where to start.
Conclusion
The Miyawaki Forest is not a miracle solution. It is a well-researched, nature-based technique with a strong track record across diverse environments. It delivers rapid biodiversity gains, carbon sequestration, cooling effects, and community value to urban spaces that desperately need them.
Used thoughtfully, with proper expertise and honest expectations, it is one of the most powerful tools available to cities in 2026. Small forests can create large change. The time to plant is now.
Practitioners report growth up to 10 times faster than conventional forests. However, this figure refers to the rate of ecological development, not just tree height, and remains debated among scientists.
As little as 9 to 92 square meters is sufficient for a meaningful forest.
The standard density is approximately 3 saplings per square meter.
Yes, with adequate watering for the first 2 to 3 years. Projects have succeeded in Jordan, the Persian Gulf region, and parts of Pakistan.
Professor Akira Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist, developed and refined the method over four decades of research and field work.
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KARACHI: The Sindh Building Control Authority (SBCA) is set to transform its construction permit services by introducing a comprehensive digital one-window system, marking a significant milestone in Sindh’s e-governance journey.
The newly introduced system is designed to serve a broad spectrum of stakeholders, including citizens, builders, architects, and engineers, by replacing traditional, paper-heavy processes with a fully integrated digital framework.
Key features of the system include online application submission, e-payment of challans, real-time application tracking, SMS alerts, digital approvals, e-certification, and inter-departmental coordination. A dedicated mobile application and e-portal will further ensure round-the-clock accessibility for users across the province.
The SBCA has structured the permit process into five distinct categories to ensure clarity and efficiency. Category One cases, which cover residential plots up to 399 square yards and bungalows exceeding that threshold, will be processed through the single-window facility within a defined 15-day turnaround, provided all documentation is complete and legal requirements are duly met.
Category Two and Three cases will continue to be handled through respective district offices in accordance with prevailing rules. Category Four cases encompassing public-sale, public-use, and industrial buildings, along with Category Five cases involving major town planning and land development projects, will both be routed through the centralised one-window cell.
This initiative is part of a broader directive by the Government of Sindh to fully automate all four categories of construction permits within one month, reflecting a strong institutional commitment to reducing bureaucratic delays, curbing corruption, and enhancing public trust in regulatory bodies.
By digitising its core services, the SBCA aims to create a more accountable, responsive, and citizen-friendly regulatory environment, one that aligns with modern urban governance standards and supports Sindh’s long-term development goals.
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Your bedroom walls do more than hold the roof up. They set the mood, reflect your personality, and shape how restful your space feels. A thoughtful bedroom wall design can transform an ordinary room into a personal sanctuary without a complete renovation. In 2026, bedroom wall designs are no longer just painted surfaces. They are functional, layered, and expressive. From integrated LED lighting to fluted wood panels and built-in media walls, the options are richer than ever.
What Makes a Great Bedroom Wall Design in 2026?
Good bedroom wall design is about three things: texture, light, and function.
Flat painted walls still work. But the strongest bedroom wall design in 2026 layers materials, a wood panel behind the bed, LED strips along the edges, and a mirror to bounce light. Each element works together.
The key trends shaping bedrooms this year include:
Natural textures like wood, stone, and clay plaster
Integrated LED lighting as part of the wall structure
Multifunctional walls that include storage, media units, and mirrors
Japandi minimalism, clean lines with organic warmth
Fluted and louvre panels are the dominant panel style
These trends favour calm, intentional spaces over busy or cluttered ones.
Wall Painting Designs for Bedroom
Paint is the most accessible starting point for bedroom wall design. The right wall painting designs for bedroom spaces can completely change how a room feels without touching a single piece of furniture.
In 2026, the popular techniques go well beyond a single flat colour.
Accent Wall Painting remains a classic approach. Choose one wall usually behind the bed and paint it a deeper or contrasting shade. This creates visual depth without overwhelming the room.
Two-Tone Walls divide the wall horizontally. The lower half uses a darker tone, the upper half a lighter one. A thin wooden or metal trim strip separates the two. This adds structure to plain walls.
Venetian Plaster and Microcement finishes are trending heavily. These textured paint techniques create a soft, uneven surface that catches light beautifully. They work especially well in neutral tones like warm white, sand, or dusty pink.
Geometric Painted Patterns work well in contemporary bedrooms. Triangles, arches, or panel-effect shapes painted onto the wall add visual interest at zero material cost.
Colour tips for bedroom wall design in 2026:
Soft blues and greens promote calm and better sleep
Deep charcoal or forest green adds drama without feeling cold
Warm whites and beiges pair well with wooden furniture
For small rooms, use light, cool shades to create the illusion of space. For large rooms, richer tones add cosiness.
Wall Panel Design for Bedroom
Panel designs have become one of the most popular ways to upgrade a bedroom wall design quickly.
A good wall panel design for bedroom spaces adds texture, depth, and a polished finish. Panels also hide imperfections in walls and can be applied directly over existing surfaces.
Fluted and Louvre Panels are the top trend for 2026. These panels feature vertical ridges that cast subtle shadows, creating a rich 3D effect. They work brilliantly behind the bed. Use wooden louvres for warmth, or painted MDF louvres for a cleaner, modern look.
Upholstered Fabric Panels are ideal for creating a soft, hotel-like feel. They are typically installed behind the headboard. Choose boucle, velvet, or linen-textured fabric for a luxurious finish.
Wall Sheet Design for Bedroom Laminate sheets and veneer sheets offer a fast, cost-effective way to cover feature walls. Modern laminates come in marble, wood, stone, and fabric finishes. They are easy to clean and extremely durable.
PVC Wall Panel Design for Bedroom is gaining popularity for practical reasons. PVC panels are moisture-resistant, lightweight, and budget-friendly. They install without adhesive in many cases. The newer PVC designs closely mimic wood and stone, making them ideal for those who want style without a large budget. They are also a smart choice for rented homes since they are reversible.
MDF Geometric Panels use cut patterns of diamonds, hexagons, and arched grids, mounted on the wall, to create a decorative feature. Paint them to match the wall for a subtle look, or paint them in a contrasting shade for impact.
Tips for choosing wall panels for bedroom wall design:
Use full-height panels for a dramatic, floor-to-ceiling look
Half-wall panels behind the bed are budget-friendly and equally effective
Pair any panel type with warm LED lighting for maximum effect
Bedroom Back Wall Design
The wall directly behind your bed is the most important surface in the room. A strong bedroom back wall design anchors the entire space.
This wall, also called the feature wall or headboard wall, is what draws the eye when you walk into the room. It deserves the most attention in bedroom wall design.
Popular bedroom back wall design approaches:
The Extended Headboard Panel extends your headboard into a wall panel above and around the bed. Use veneer, laminates, or upholstered panels. Add LED lighting along the edges for a luxury finish.
Stone and Tile Cladding creates a dramatic, high-end look. Natural stone textures or stone-look porcelain tiles on the back wall add depth that paint simply cannot replicate.
Wallpaper Murals make a bold statement. Floral, abstract, architectural, or botanical prints work well. Use a single wall to avoid visual overload. Choose prints that complement your bedding and curtains.
Avoid these common mistakes on the back wall:
Do not hang too many small items they create clutter
Avoid placing heavy, dark colours in rooms with little natural light
Keep the panel height proportionate to the room height
LED Wall Design for Bedroom
Nothing transforms a bedroom atmosphere faster than lighting. A well-planned LED wall design for bedroom spaces creates warmth, depth, and a sense of luxury.
LED integration into wall design is one of the biggest bedroom wall design trends of 2026.
Types of LED wall designs:
LED Strip Behind Panels or Louvres: Place warm LED strips behind fluted panels or along the edges of a feature wall panel. The light glows through the gaps, creating a soft, dramatic halo effect.
LED Backlit Headboard: Mount your headboard slightly away from the wall and run warm LED strips behind it. The glow outlines the headboard against the wall, creating a floating effect.
LED Cove Lighting on Feature Walls: Carve a shallow recess along the top or sides of a feature wall and fit LED strips inside. The light washes down the wall surface, highlighting the texture beautifully.
RGB Smart LED Accent Walls: Smart LED panels are now making their way into bedroom design. They allow you to change colour and intensity via an app. These work best in younger, contemporary bedrooms.
LED lighting tips:
Use warm white (2700K–3000K) for bedrooms, which promotes relaxation
Avoid cool white or blue-toned LEDs on bedroom walls; they are too stimulating for sleep
Dimmer switches are essential for any bedroom LED wall setup
LED strips are inexpensive to install and can be done as a DIY project
Wall Ceiling Design for Bedroom
One of the most underused opportunities in bedroom wall design is the ceiling connection.
A wall ceiling design for bedroom spaces creates a seamless, immersive feel. Instead of treating the wall and ceiling as separate elements, they are designed as one continuous surface.
Popular wall-to-ceiling design ideas:
Cove Ceilings with LED lighting are the most popular approach. A false ceiling with a cove detail sits just above the feature wall. LED lighting in the cove extends the glow upward from the wall, creating a halo effect that fills the room.
Panel Continuity extends your wall panels onto the ceiling above the bed. This works especially well with wooden or PVC panels. It creates a canopy-like effect that feels both cosy and architectural.
Colour Continuity: Paint the feature wall and the ceiling above it in the same colour. This draws the eye upward, making the bedroom wall design feel taller.
Practical tips:
In rooms with low ceilings, keep the ceiling treatment light and minimal
In rooms with high ceilings, panel or colour continuity from wall to ceiling adds cosiness
Always plan LED cove lighting before false ceiling installation; retrofitting is difficult
Media Wall Design for Bedroom & TV Wall Design
A media wall design for bedroom is one of the most functional upgrades you can make in 2026.
Bedroom media wall designs combine your television, storage, and decorative elements into one unified wall.
Core elements of a bedroom TV wall design:
A wall-mounted flat panel TV or bedroom LCD wall design as the centrepiece
Floating shelves or closed cabinets on either side for storage
A textured panel background (fluted wood, stone-look tiles, or deep-coloured laminates)
LED backlight strip around or behind the TV to reduce eye strain and add atmosphere
Design tips for bedroom media wall designs:
Mount the TV at eye level from the bed, typically 100–120cm from the floor to the screen centre
Conceal cables within the wall during installation; visible wires ruin the look
Choose matte or dark-toned panels behind the screen to reduce glare
A recessed alcove for the TV creates a sleeker look than surface mounting
For smaller bedrooms, a wall-mounted TV with a simple floating shelf and no additional cabinetry keeps the design light. The bedroom TV wall design does not need to be elaborate to look good; restraint is key.
Wall Cupboard Designs for Bedroom
Storage does not have to be an afterthought. Smart wall cupboard designs for bedroom spaces turn your wardrobe into a key design element.
Floor-to-ceiling fitted cupboards create a seamless, architectural look. When the doors are finished in laminates or veneer that matches the rest of the room, the wardrobe becomes part of the bedroom wall design rather than a separate object placed against it.
Popular cupboard wall design ideas:
Handleless doors in matte or gloss laminate are clean and contemporary
Wood-grain finishes that connect to wooden panel or LED wall elements elsewhere in the room
Mirror-fronted wardrobe doors that double as full-length dressing mirrors (connecting to the mirror wall trend)
Integrated LED inside or around the cupboard frame adds a luxury finish
Keep the colour palette of cupboard doors consistent with the feature wall. This creates a cohesive room rather than a collection of unrelated pieces.
Wall Mirror Designs for Bedrooms
Mirrors are one of the most powerful tools in bedroom wall design. They reflect light, create the illusion of space, and serve as decorative focal points.
Strong wall mirror designs for bedrooms in 2026 include:
Backlit Circular or Arch Mirrors: A warm LED ring around a large mirror serves both as lighting and decoration. These are especially popular above dressing tables or beside wardrobes.
Full-Length Leaner Mirrors: Placed against the feature wall or beside the wardrobe. Smoked or bronzed tinted mirrors are particularly on-trend this year.
Mirror Panel Walls: Multiple mirror panels arranged in a grid or staggered pattern. These work well in smaller bedroom wall design to create the illusion of a larger space.
Placement tips:
Position mirrors across from a window to maximise natural light
Avoid placing mirrors directly facing the bed; many find this disruptive to sleep
How to Choose the Right Bedroom Wall Design for Your Space
With so many options, narrowing down the right bedroom wall design depends on a few practical factors.
Small-sized rooms benefit from light colours, mirrors, and minimal panels. Large rooms can handle richer materials and bolder treatments.
Budget painting designs for bedroom wall design spaces are the most affordable starting point. PVC panels and wall sheets sit in the mid-range. Full media walls, tiled back walls, and integrated LED systems represent the higher-budget end.
Renting vs. owning, renters should prioritise reversible solutions like peel-and-stick wallpaper, freestanding mirrors, PVC panels with clip systems, and LED strip lights.
Existing furniture always starts with what you have. Match new wall colours or panel finishes to your existing bed frame, wardrobe, and flooring before committing.
Final Thoughts: Bedroom Wall Design
A great bedroom wall design does not require a full renovation or a large budget. Start with one wall, typically the back wall behind the bed and build from there.
In 2026, in Condominium Room Design Trends the strongest bedroom designs balance warmth, texture, and function. Whether you choose a simple two-tone paint finish, a fluted PVC panel with LED strips, or a full media wall with integrated storage, the goal is the same: a space that feels intentional, comfortable, and uniquely yours.
Dedicated and detail-oriented SEO Content Writer, Real Estate Writer, and Research Analyst based in Islamabad, with proven expertise in developing accurate, valuable, and well-researched content. Skilled in analytical writing, market research, and reporting, with the ability to turn insights into clear, professional, and impactful content. Passionate about exploring new ideas, analyzing industry trends, and contributing to high-quality writing and research-driven projects.
ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s federal budget negotiations with the International Monetary Fund have stretched beyond their original deadline, with both sides working to finalise key fiscal parameters ahead of the anticipated budget presentation on June 5, 2026.
The IMF mission, which had been scheduled to conclude discussions on Wednesday, extended its stay in Islamabad to resolve a handful of remaining outstanding issues. Sources familiar with the matter confirmed that most points of contention have been settled, signalling broad alignment between the two parties on the fiscal framework for the upcoming year.
On the revenue front, the Federal Board of Revenue has been assigned an ambitious collection target of Rs15.264 trillion for the next fiscal year, with an interim benchmark of Rs7.022 trillion due by December 2026. The Fund has recommended an 18% increase in petroleum levy collections, pushing the total petroleum development levy target to Rs1.73 trillion, with the per-litre levy potentially rising to Rs100. Additional revenues of Rs 95 billion are expected through tax audits, while Rs 50 billion in sector-specific recoveries are being sought from sugar, cement, tobacco, and fertiliser industries.
Provinces have been directed to contribute meaningfully to fiscal consolidation, with a combined surplus target of nearly Rs2 trillion and an additional revenue generation requirement of Rs430 billion. Provincial development allocations, meanwhile, are proposed to increase from Rs2.1 trillion to Rs2.5 trillion.
On the expenditure side, defence spending is set to rise modestly to Rs2.665 trillion, while debt servicing remains the dominant fiscal pressure, with interest payments projected at Rs7.8 trillion. Pakistan’s total external financing requirements are estimated at $21.2 billion.
In a notable social measure, quarterly disbursements under the Benazir Income Support Programme are set to increase from Rs14,500 to Rs18,000. Public sector development spending has been projected at approximately Rs. 968 billion.
The IMF has also called for Rs430 billion in new tax measures and a phase-out of incentives for special economic zones by 2035. Looking ahead, economic growth is projected at 3.5% with average inflation expected at 8.4%.
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ISLAMABAD: The federal government is considering making registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) mandatory for all companies operating in the housing and development sector, as part of a broader push to bring transparency and regulatory oversight to the country’s largely unregulated real estate market.
The development came during a high-level meeting on housing sector reforms, chaired by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, at which proposals to overhaul the sector were formally presented.
Pakistan faces a housing shortage estimated at around 10 million units, while rapid urbanisation has intensified pressure on infrastructure, services, and farmland surrounding major cities. Against this backdrop, the government has signalled its intent to pursue sweeping structural reforms.
Participants at the meeting were briefed that mandatory SECP registration would be introduced for all entities engaged in housing and development. A strategy is also to be formulated to curb unplanned urban expansion, while high-rise construction and vertical development will be encouraged in major cities.
The meeting further discussed master town planning for large urban centres and proposed establishing a one-window system to safeguard the rights of developers, buyers, and other stakeholders.
The government is also considering regulatory reforms to simplify procedures for credible developers and investors.
Addressing the meeting, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif underscored that housing sector reforms are an essential requirement given the country’s growing population. He reaffirmed that providing affordable housing for low-income groups and improving public facilities remain key government priorities.
The proposed measures, if enacted, are expected to instil greater investor confidence, curb fraudulent housing schemes, and provide a structured regulatory framework for one of Pakistan’s fastest-growing economic sectors.
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Pakistan is known for its towering mountains, lush valleys and tourist places. But very few people talk about its stunning coastline. Pakistan has over 1,046 kilometres of coastline along the Arabian Sea. Along this coastline lie more than 12 remarkable islands. These islands of Pakistan are among the most underexplored destinations in Asia.
From wild, uninhabited ecological reserves to historically rich harbour islands, Pakistan’s offshore world is extraordinary. This guide covers every major island of Pakistan.
Pakistan’s Coastline: A Hidden Maritime World
Pakistan shares its southern border with the Arabian Sea. The two coastal provinces are Sindh and Balochistan. Both provinces are home to a distinct group of islands of Pakistan. Some islands are rocky and remote. Others are densely populated fishing communities. A few are geological curiosities that rise and sink with the tides.
The islands of Pakistan fall into three broad categories. First are the ecological islands, rich in marine biodiversity. Second are the historical and residential islands near Karachi. Third are the geological curiosities formed by underwater volcanic activity.
Islands of Pakistan
#
Island Name
Province / Region
Type
Location
Key Highlight
Accessibility
1
Astola Island
Balochistan
Ecological / Offshore
39 km SE of Pasni
Pakistan’s largest offshore island & first MPA
Boat from Pasni/Gwadar (permit required)
2
Churna Island
Sindh/Balochistan border
Ecological / Diving
9 km west of the Hub River
Best diving spot in Pakistan, coral reefs
Boat from Mubarak Village (1.5 hrs)
3
Malan Island
Balochistan
Geological / Mud Volcano
Off Hingol National Park
Appears and disappears due to volcanic activity
Unreliable — not recommended
4
Zalzala Koh
Balochistan
Geological (Submerged)
Off the Gwadar coast
Rose from the sea in the 2013 earthquake, fully submerged by 2016
Not accessible
5
Manora Island
Sindh (Karachi)
Historical / Residential
South of Karachi Harbour
Colonial lighthouse, Navy base, and the oldest port defence
Boat or causeway from Keamari
6
Bundal Island
Sindh (Karachi)
Ecological / Cultural
Near Clifton Beach, Karachi
Tomb of Sufi saint Yusuf Shah, development controversy
Local boat from the Clifton area
7
Buddo Island
Sindh (Karachi)
Ecological
West of Bundal Island
Mangrove-rich, vital coastal ecosystem
Local boat from the Clifton area
8
Baba & Bhit Islands
Sindh (Karachi)
Residential / Cultural
Centre of Karachi Harbour
~25,000 residents, the oldest Karachi settlement, a diverse ethnic community
Short boat from Keamari
9
Shams Pir Island
Sindh (Karachi)
Cultural / Spiritual
Near Kakapir & Sandspit Beach
Shrine of Hazrat Shams Pir, Partition-era settlement
Boat rental from Karachi Harbour
10
Khiprianwala Island
Sindh (Karachi)
Ecological / Endangered
Near Port Qasim & Landhi
The largest mangrove forest area is slowly sinking due to rising seas
Fishermen’s boats only
11
Clifton Oyster Rocks
Sindh (Karachi)
Urban / Recreational
Off Clifton Beach, Karachi
Formerly Navy-restricted, the world’s 2nd-tallest fountain is nearby
Accessible from Clifton
12
Bukkur Island
Sindh (Sukkur)
Historical / River Island
Indus River, near Sukkur/Rohri
Ancient fortress, colonial history, and Muslim heritage mosques
Road + short boat from Sukkur
Balochistan Islands — Wild, Remote, and Breathtaking
The Balochistan coastline stretches over 770 kilometres along the Arabian Sea. It is one of the most untouched and least explored coastal regions. The islands of Pakistan located along the Makran Coast, are raw, rugged, and remarkably beautiful.
Astola Island: Pakistan’s Largest Offshore Island
Astola Island is the crown jewel of all islands of Pakistan. It sits approximately 39 kilometres southeast of Pasni. It lies about 25 kilometres off the coast of Balochistan. The island stretches 7 kilometres in length and 2.5 kilometres in width.
Locals call it “Haft Talar”, meaning Island of the Seven Hills. This name comes from its seven small hillocks and large tilted plateau. Another local name is “Jabl-e-Zareen”, which means beautiful mountain.
Astola is completely uninhabited. There are no hotels or guesthouses here. Visitors must bring their own camping gear, food, and fresh water. Despite this, the island attracts adventurers from across Pakistan.
The marine life here is extraordinary. Endangered green sea turtles nest on their beaches. Coral reefs surround its rocky shores. Seabirds, including the greater crested tern, nest on its cliffs.
In 2017, Astola became Pakistan’s first Marine Protected Area (MPA). This was a landmark conservation decision. Activities here include scuba diving, fishing, birdwatching, and camping.
Historians also note that Admiral Nearchos, sent by Alexander the Great in 325 BCE, may have referenced this island during his Arabian Sea expedition. That gives Astola a remarkable historical depth alongside its natural beauty.
How to reach: Take a boat from Pasni or Gwadar. A permit or NOC from the relevant provincial authorities is required. Always check current access rules before departure.
Churna Island: The Diver’s Paradise
Churna Island is a small island among other islands of Pakistan, an uninhabited island near Mubarak Village. It sits about 9 kilometres west of the mouth of the Hub River. From Karachi, it is roughly a 1.5-hour boat ride.
The island is locally known as “Cheerno.” It is jointly managed by the Pakistan Navy and the Pakistan Game Fishing Association (PGFA).
Churna is famous for its coral reefs. The waters are home to lobsters, crabs, green turtles, and dozens of rare fish species.
Best time to visit: February and March. Many travel agencies offer group and individual packages during these months.
Malan Island: The Volcanic Ghost Island
Malan Island is one of the most unusual islands of Pakistan. It is a mud volcano island located off the coast of Hingol National Park in Balochistan.
This island has appeared and disappeared multiple times. It first surfaced in March 1999. It sank below sea level within a year. It reappeared again in 2010. Geologists find it fascinating. Tourists cannot visit it reliably due to its unstable nature.
Zalzala Koh: The Earthquake Island
Zalzala Koh is one of the strangest geological events in Pakistan’s recent history among the islands of Pakistan. It emerged from the sea on September 24, 2013. A massive 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck Awaran District in Balochistan. The seabed released methane gas. A mud volcano erupted. An island rose from the ocean overnight.
The island measured approximately 176 metres in length and 161 metres in width. Its height was between 15 and 20 metres above sea level.
Satellite images showed it had sunk about 3 metres within just one month of its appearance. By the end of 2016, Zalzala Koh had completely submerged.
Despite being lifeless on land, the waters around it became a thriving marine habitat. The coral species Acabaria delicata was discovered in the surrounding waters. Local fishermen actually benefited from the new marine ecosystem.
Sindh Islands — History, Culture, and Urban Adventure
Sindh’s coastline is home to some of the most culturally rich and historically significant islands of Pakistan. These islands sit close to Karachi Pakistan’s largest city making them far more accessible than their remote Balochistan counterparts yet equally fascinating to explore.
Manora Island: Where History Meets the Sea
Manora Island sits just south of Karachi Harbour. It is a 15-20 minute boat ride from Keamari. A long causeway through Sandspit also connects it to the mainland.
Manora has a rich colonial history. The British used it as a key defensive outpost for Karachi port. Today, it houses a Pakistan Navy base, residential areas, and the famous Manora Lighthouse, one of the tallest in Pakistan.
Visitors come for the sandy beaches, colonial architecture, and peaceful atmosphere. It is one of the most accessible islands of Pakistan for day-trippers from Karachi.
Bundal and Buddo Islands: The Twin Islands
Bundal and Buddo are two barrier islands located near Clifton Beach in Karachi. They are sometimes called the Twin Islands. Their original names were Bhundaar Island and Dingi Island.
Bundal Island carries deep cultural significance. The tomb of Sufi saint Yusuf Shah is located here. Every year, thousands of devotees visit during his annual Urs ceremony.
These two islands of Pakistan have also been at the centre of a major controversy. A mega real estate development plan proposed by Bahria Town included the world’s tallest building, a shopping mall, a sports city, and a media city on Bundal Island. Environmental groups strongly opposed this plan. They raised concerns about mangrove destruction, coastal erosion, and the displacement of local fishing communities.
Buddo Island sits on the western side of Bundal. It is covered in mangroves. It plays a vital ecological role in the Karachi coastal ecosystem.
Baba and Bhit Islands: Living Islands of Karachi Harbour
Baba and Bhit Islands are located in the heart of Karachi Harbour near Keamari Town. They are among the most populous islands of Pakistan. Around 25,000 people live here.
The community is remarkably diverse. Residents include Muhajirs, Sindhis, Punjabis, Kashmiris, Balochis, Memons, Bohras, and Ismailis. These islands are among the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in Karachi.
Basic infrastructure is limited. Yet the islands are rich in cultural diversity. A short boat ride from Keamari brings you to a completely different world.
Shams Pir Island: The Shrine Island
Shams Pir Island is located near Kakapir and Sandspit Beach on Karachi’s western edge. It is named after the Sufi saint Hazrat Shams Pir, whose shrine stands on the island.
The island was partly settled by refugees during the 1947 Partition. It has a more peaceful, spiritual atmosphere than other islands of Pakistan. Activities here include scuba diving, kayaking, pedal boating, canoeing, swimming, snorkelling, and sunbathing. Boat rentals are available from Karachi Harbour.
Khiprianwala Island: The Sinking Paradise
Khiprianwala Island lies near Port Qasim and Landhi Town in Karachi. It is one of the ecologically rich yet endangered islands of Pakistan.
The island sits within Pakistan’s largest mangrove forest. Rare marine species inhabit its surrounding waters. However, rising sea levels are slowly swallowing this island. Climate change is a real and visible threat here.
There is no tourist infrastructure on the island. Local fishermen can guide you there by boat. It is best suited for nature lovers and eco-travellers.
Clifton Oyster Rocks: Karachi’s Urban Islets
The Clifton Oyster Rocks are a series of small rocky islets just off Clifton Beach in Karachi. They were formerly restricted by the Pakistan Navy. After the Navy relocated, the area was opened to the public.
The area is now part of Karachi’s urban waterfront. Notably, the world’s second-tallest fountain, the Port Fountain, stands nearby. It shoots water 620 feet into the air.
River Islands — An Overlooked Category
Most people associate the islands of Pakistan only with the Arabian Sea. But Pakistan also has fascinating river islands tucked within the mighty Indus ancient, historically loaded, and almost completely off the tourist radar.
Bukkur Island: The Fortress in the Indus
Not all islands of Pakistan are in the sea. Bukkur Island is a river island located in the Indus River near Sukkur and Rohri in Sindh.
This island is home to an ancient fortress. It played a major role during British colonial rule. Inside the island, you can find remnants of Sukkur Fort, historic mosques, and traditional brick architecture. It is a treasure for history enthusiasts.
Today, the island hosts an Army Public School and the Tomb of Sayyid Sadruddin.
Practical Travel Guide for 2026
Planning a trip to the islands of Pakistan requires some preparation, especially for remote destinations like Astola and Churna.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit the islands of Pakistan is between October and March. The weather is cooler. The Arabian Sea is calmer. Boat journeys are safer and more comfortable.
February and March are peak months for Churna Island. Diving packages are widely available during this period.
Avoid travelling between May and August. Monsoon conditions make the Arabian Sea rough and dangerous.
How to Get There
Island
Departure Point
Mode
Notes
Astola
Pasni or Gwadar
Motorised boat
Permit required
Churna
Mubarak Village
Boat (1.5 hrs)
Check Navy rules
Manora
Keamari, Karachi
Boat or causeway
Easy access
Baba & Bhit
Keamari, Karachi
Short boat ride
Daily service
Shams Pir
Karachi Harbour
Boat rental
Day trip
Bundal/Buddo
Clifton area
Local boat
Tidal timing matters
Khiprianwala
Port Qasim area
Fishermen boats
No tourist service
Bukkur
Sukkur/Rohri
Road + short boat
River island
Permits and Regulations
Astola Island requires a No Objection Certificate (NOC) before visiting. Access to Churna Island is controlled by the Pakistan Navy and PGFA. Always verify the latest entry rules before planning your trip. Regulations can change.
What to Pack for Remote Islands
Bring enough food and fresh water for your entire stay on remote islands like Astola. Pack a quality tent and sleeping bag. Carry sunscreen, a first aid kit, and a satellite communication device. There is no mobile signal on most offshore islands.
Conservation and the Future of Islands of Pakistan
The islands of Pakistan face real environmental threats. Rising sea levels are affecting Khiprianwala Island. Proposed development on Bundal and Buddo sparked national debate about ecological responsibility. Astola and Churna have MPA status. But enforcement and awareness still need strengthening.
Pakistan’s Blue Economy initiative and CPEC coastal development are reshaping the maritime landscape. There is a genuine opportunity here. Sustainable eco-tourism on Pakistan’s islands could benefit local fishing communities and national tourism revenue simultaneously.
The world is only beginning to discover what Pakistan’s coastline truly holds.
Conclusion: Islands of Pakistan
Pakistan’s islands deserve far more attention than they receive. Each island tells a different story of geology, history, culture, and nature. Whether you are a diver, a history enthusiast, or simply a curious traveller, the islands of Pakistan offer something genuinely unforgettable. Start planning your coastal adventure in 2026. The Arabian Sea is waiting.
Dedicated and detail-oriented SEO Content Writer, Real Estate Writer, and Research Analyst based in Islamabad, with proven expertise in developing accurate, valuable, and well-researched content. Skilled in analytical writing, market research, and reporting, with the ability to turn insights into clear, professional, and impactful content. Passionate about exploring new ideas, analyzing industry trends, and contributing to high-quality writing and research-driven projects.
ISLAMABAD: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has urged Pakistan to significantly strengthen its anti-money laundering (AML) framework, expressing serious concern over the critically low number of Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) being filed from the country’s real estate sector.
The development came as the IMF approved the release of its fourth tranche of $1.1 billion under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF), alongside approximately $220 million under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF). Despite the disbursement, the Fund flagged persistent structural weaknesses in Pakistan’s financial monitoring architecture, particularly within Designated Non-Financial Businesses and Professions (DNFBPs).
IMF officials noted a widespread perception that significant volumes of undocumented and untaxed capital are being absorbed into the real estate market, circumventing formal financial oversight mechanisms. The Fund described the current performance of Pakistan’s DNFBP framework as unsatisfactory and called for immediate corrective measures.
In response, Pakistani authorities informed the IMF that the Federal Board of Revenue, the Financial Monitoring Unit, and the Directorate General of DNFBPs would jointly address the STR shortfall through regulatory reforms, a structured reporting framework, and mandatory registration of relevant entities.
The IMF also raised concerns over trade-based money laundering, pressing Pakistan to enhance inter-agency data sharing across customs, foreign exchange, and import payment systems to detect illicit financial flows more effectively.
Additionally, the Fund highlighted deficiencies in beneficial ownership disclosures and called for improved accuracy in the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan’s corporate registry to prevent the misuse of legal entities.
On the banking front, authorities reported that non-performing loans had declined to 6.1 percent by the end of 2025, and a previously undercapitalized private bank has since completed recapitalization and restored full regulatory compliance.
Dedicated and detail-oriented SEO Content Writer, Real Estate Writer, and Research Analyst based in Islamabad, with proven expertise in developing accurate, valuable, and well-researched content. Skilled in analytical writing, market research, and reporting, with the ability to turn insights into clear, professional, and impactful content. Passionate about exploring new ideas, analyzing industry trends, and contributing to high-quality writing and research-driven projects.
Pakistan is full of cultural heritage sites. Rawat Fort is one of them. It stands quietly on the Grand Trunk Road, just 17 kilometres east of Rawalpindi. Hundreds of thousands of vehicles pass it every day. Most drivers never look twice. But behind those weathered stone walls lies one of the most layered historical stories in all of Punjab.
This guide covers everything a history lover needs to know about Rawat Fort, including its origins, battles, architecture, and how to visit it today.
Rawat Fort
Rawat Fort is a fortified caravanserai located in Rawat, Punjab, Pakistan. It sits on the Pothohar Plateau, near Rawalpindi. The fort is also known as Sarai Rawat. The name itself tells you something important. “Rawat” derives from the Arabic word “rabat”, meaning roadside inn or caravanserai. This was not originally a military fortress. It began as a rest stop for travellers on the world’s oldest highway.
The structure is nearly square. It measures 93.5 × 106.3 metres and encloses a courtyard of roughly 10,000 square metres. It has two main entrances. Corner towers once stood on the northern and southern ends. Inside, you will find a three-domed mosque, an octagonal tomb, scattered graves, and cell-like rooms lining the perimeter walls.
Some historians push the story back even further. According to local tradition, the site may have earlier roots going back to 1036–1039 CE. It is believed to have connections with Sultan Masud I, son of the famous Mahmud of Ghazna. However, this claim is contested. The dates do not align cleanly with the surviving architectural evidence.
Origins: A Caravanserai on the Grand Trunk Road
The story of Rawat Fort begins in the early 15th century. The Delhi Sultanate founded it as a caravanserai. At that time, the Pothohar region was under the control of Malik Jasarat, who is considered its original builder.
The original structure followed the classic Persian rebat design. This pattern was common between the 8th and 12th centuries. It featured two tall gates high enough for heavily loaded camels, corner towers, and an inner courtyard. The fort originally had up to 76 individual cells. These were small rooms rented out to travelling merchants. Comfort and commerce went hand in hand here.
The Gakhar Fortification
In the 16th century, the character of Rawat Fort changed completely. The Gakhar clan transformed it from a peaceful rest stop into a military stronghold.
The Gakhars were a powerful warrior tribe native to the Pothohar Plateau. They were loyal supporters of the Mughal Emperor Humayun. When Sher Shah Suri, the powerful Pashtun king, began expanding his control over northern India, the Gakhars became a target.
Sultan Sarang Khan Gakhar led the resistance. He had deep roots in the region. Emperor Babur himself had rewarded Sarang Khan in 1525, granting him the Potohar estate in recognition of his loyalty. That bond between the Gakhars and the Mughal dynasty would define and ultimately cost everything.
The Battle of Rawat Fort (1546): Sarang Khan’s Last Stand
This is the most powerful chapter in the story of Rawat Fort.
When Sher Shah Suri drove Humayun out of India, he needed to eliminate Gakhar resistance in the Pothohar region. He constructed the massive Rohtas Fort about 50 miles from Rawat and placed a garrison of 12,000 soldiers there under his general Khawas Khan. The message was clear: the Gakhars would be crushed.
Sher Shah Suri died in 1545. The battle at Rawat Fort took place in 1546. This means Sultan Sarang Khan was actually fighting Islam Shah Suri, Sher Shah’s son, not Sher Shah himself. Pakistan’s Archaeology Department confirms this timeline. It is a small but important correction that changes how we read the fort’s history.
The battle itself was brutal and final. Sultan Sarang Khan was struck by a spear and killed. Sixteen of his sons also died fighting alongside him. They were buried inside the fort. The courtyard that once hosted travelling merchants became a graveyard for an entire dynasty.
Sarang Khan’s brother, Adam Khan Gakhar, took over leadership of the tribe after Sarang Khan’s death.
After the Battle: Colonial Use and Abandonment
The fort continued to stand long after the battle. Local accounts suggest that British authorities also used the building during the colonial period. It was abandoned after the Partition of the subcontinent in 1947. The mosque inside, however, was never abandoned. It continues to function as the area’s Markazi Jamia Masjid. Locals still offer Friday and Eid prayers within its centuries-old walls.
The 1893–94 Rawalpindi District Gazetteer described Rawat as “the first camping ground from Rawalpindi on the Grand Trunk Road towards Jhelum.” Even in the British era, the fort’s importance was tied to its tomb and the road leading to it.
Architecture of Rawat Fort
The Gates
The fort originally had three gateways: east, north, and south. The eastern gate is the primary entrance. These gates were built tall and wide to accommodate heavily laden camels, a direct feature of the Persian rebat design. The original main gate has since vanished. The government has installed iron gates in its place.
The Three-Domed Mosque
The mosque runs along the western wall. It measures 29.5 × 12.1 metres. Three connected bays, each capped by a dome, form its silhouette. Arched openings mark each bay on the facade. The old tile flooring has been lost. Small modern modifications have changed parts of the interior. But the mosque remains a living building, not a relic frozen in time.
From the roof of this mosque, you can see the Mankiala Stupa. This is a 2nd-century Gandhara-era Buddhist monument located roughly three miles to the southeast. The view connects Rawat Fort to an even older layer of human history on the Pothohar Plateau.
The Octagonal Tomb of Sultan Sarang Khan
This is the most architecturally striking structure inside Rawat Fort. The tomb is octagonal, with a diameter of 16.6 metres. A large dome crowns it. Each entrance features a deep pishtaq, a recessed arched portal common in Mughal-era tombs. The walls are high with panel detailing and arched openings.
No marble cenotaph survives inside. It was likely removed or destroyed through vandalism or careless restoration work. But the structure itself still radiates a solemn authority. Standing beside it, you feel the weight of what happened here in 1546.
The Courtyard, Cells, and Hidden Features
The smaller graves scattered through the courtyard are believed to belong to Sarang Khan’s 16 sons. The cell-like rooms along the interior perimeter walls were originally merchant quarters.
Archaeologists have also found evidence of a hamam (bathhouse) inside the fort. A spring well once stood in the main courtyard, supplying water for animals and travellers. These features reveal that Rawat Fort was once a fully self-contained stop on one of Asia’s busiest roads.
Conservation Status: A Heritage Under Threat
The state of Rawat Fort today is both hopeful and troubling.
On the hopeful side, the government has invested in preservation. In November 2016, a conservation plan was officially commissioned. In March 2017, Rs. 50 million was allocated for the first phase of restoration work. In 2020–21, an additional Rs. 5.6 million was allocated through the Public Sector Development Programme. Restoration work was still underway as recently as early 2025.
On the troubling side, the results have been uneven. The east gate was white-washed during restoration, a decision widely criticised for erasing the fort’s time-worn character. Urban encroachment has swallowed three of the fort’s four sides. Nearby residents have dismantled old medieval bricks to use in constructing modern homes. Bats roost in the dome. Fissures run through the walls. There are no security guards at the entrance.
There is also a jurisdiction problem. The federal Archaeology and Museum Department and the Punjab provincial government have both claimed jurisdiction over the site. This administrative limbo has significantly slowed preservation.
Visitor Guide to Rawat Fort (2026)
How to Get There
Rawat Fort sits on GT Road (N-5), about 17–18 km east of Rawalpindi city centre. From Rawalpindi, allow 40–60 minutes by car, depending on traffic. From Islamabad, the drive takes approximately 25–30 minutes. Public buses and wagons run to Rawat town. From Rawat town, a short rickshaw ride will bring you to the fort.
GPS Coordinates: 33°29′53″N, 73°11′39″E
When to Visit
October to March is the best season. The weather is cool and clear. For photography, aim for early morning or late afternoon. Avoid midday visits in summer; the heat on the GT Road corridor is intense.
How Much Time to Allow
A brisk visit takes 45 minutes. A thorough exploration of the mosque, tomb, perimeter cells, and courtyard takes 60 to 90 minutes. Add extra time if you plan to photograph in detail or read the signage carefully.
What to See First
Start at the eastern main gate. Study the gateway architecture. Move into the courtyard. Visit the mosque first, then walk to the octagonal tomb. Pay attention to the smaller graves around the courtyard. If the roof access is open, climb up for the view of the Mankiala Stupa on the horizon.
Nearby Attractions
Mankiala Stupa: 3 miles southeast; a 2nd-century Buddhist monument
Rohtas Fort: ~50 miles away; UNESCO World Heritage Site connected to the same historical conflict
Pharwala Fort: another Gakhar-period fort in the Rawalpindi area
Taxila: one of the great ancient cities of the subcontinent, within easy driving distance, and home to the famous Taxila Museum a must-visit for history lovers and tourists.
Why Rawat Fort Deserves More Attention
Rawat Fort is not famous. It does not appear on any international heritage list. There are no guided tours, no gift shops, no visitor centres. But that is precisely what makes it extraordinary for a serious history lover.
This is a place where the entire sweep of medieval Punjab played out trade, power, loyalty, betrayal, and sacrifice on a single stretch of road. The Gakhar tribe fought to the last man here. A father and sixteen sons are buried inside its walls. The mosque where they prayed still calls the azan five times a day.
Every stone in Rawat Fort has a story. Most of those stories are still waiting to be told properly.
Frequently Asked Questions
The Delhi Sultanate founded it as a caravanserai in the early 15th century. The Gakhar clan later fortified it in the 16th century.
It is located in Rawat town, Punjab, Pakistan, 17 km east of Rawalpindi on the Grand Trunk Road.
Sultan Sarang Khan Gakhar and his 16 sons, who died in the 1546 battle against Suri forces, are buried inside the fort.
October to March offers the best weather. Early morning visits are ideal for photography.
No. It is a federally protected Cultural Heritage Site of Punjab, but it does not hold UNESCO status.
Conclusion
History lovers will find Rawat Fort deeply rewarding. It does not offer polished displays or guided tours. It offers something far more valuable: raw, unfiltered contact with the past. You walk the same courtyard where caravans once unloaded their goods. You stand beside the graves of men who died defending their home. You look out from the mosque roof and see a Buddhist stupa on the horizon, reminding you that this land holds centuries upon centuries of human story.
The biggest threat to Rawat Fort is not time. It is indifference. Urban encroachment, administrative disputes, and inconsistent funding are slowly erasing what centuries of weather could not destroy. Awareness is the first step toward preservation.
Dedicated and detail-oriented SEO Content Writer, Real Estate Writer, and Research Analyst based in Islamabad, with proven expertise in developing accurate, valuable, and well-researched content. Skilled in analytical writing, market research, and reporting, with the ability to turn insights into clear, professional, and impactful content. Passionate about exploring new ideas, analyzing industry trends, and contributing to high-quality writing and research-driven projects.
KARACHI: Roshan Digital Accounts (RDA) recorded their highest-ever monthly inflow of $321 million in April 2026, according to data released by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), marking a significant milestone in Pakistan’s efforts to attract diaspora investment through digital banking channels.
The April figure represents a month-on-month increase of $60 million over March’s inflow of $261 million, pushing total cumulative inflows into RDA since the scheme’s inception to $12,747 million.
Despite the record inflows, outflows also remained substantial. A total of $191 million was repatriated or locally utilised during the month, comprising $28 million in outward repatriation and $164 million deployed within Pakistan, causing the Net Repatriable Liability (NRL) to expand by $130 million in April.
On a cumulative basis, total repatriation and local utilisation now stand at $10,203 million, of which $2,056 million has been repatriated abroad while $8,147 million has been utilised domestically. The overall NRL currently stands at $2,544 million, equivalent to 19.96% of total RDA.
Within the NRL, Islamic Naya Pakistan Certificates (NPC) account for the largest share at $1,155 million, followed by account balances at $641 million, Conventional NPC at $555 million, equity investments at $123 million, and other liabilities at $70 million.
The scheme also continues to demonstrate strong year-on-year growth. Total inflows during the current financial year reached $2,184 million, compared to $1,925 million in the corresponding period last year, a rise of approximately 13.5%.
Repatriation and local utilisation during the same period came in at $1,630 million, up from $1,460 million a year earlier. On the participation front, 10,083 new accounts were opened during April alone, bringing the total number of RDA accounts to 927,483.
The record monthly inflow underscores sustained overseas Pakistani confidence in the RDA platform and signals continued momentum in foreign currency mobilisation through digital channels heading into the final stretch of the fiscal year.
Dedicated and detail-oriented SEO Content Writer, Real Estate Writer, and Research Analyst based in Islamabad, with proven expertise in developing accurate, valuable, and well-researched content. Skilled in analytical writing, market research, and reporting, with the ability to turn insights into clear, professional, and impactful content. Passionate about exploring new ideas, analyzing industry trends, and contributing to high-quality writing and research-driven projects.
