HomepageArticles by: Saleha Ali

Author: Saleha Ali

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Empowering Futures: Chakor Foundation Awards Scholarships to Mardan Students

A notable ceremony was held at Deluxe Hall, Mardan, on October 26, where the Chakor Foundation furthered its mission to expand educational opportunities by awarding six-year scholarships to 53 deserving students from underprivileged backgrounds. The event represented a significant step in the Foundation’s ongoing efforts to support talented individuals who face financial constraints but demonstrate exceptional commitment and promise in their pursuit of education.

Empowering Students Through Education

abbas khan addressing to the scholarships award ceremony

At the ceremony, Mr. Muhammad Abbas Khan, CEO of Chakor Foundation and Chakor Ventures, personally announced the scholarships for the 53 selected students. Each scholarship covers tuition, transport, uniforms, and stationery, and spans two years of college and four years of university education.

The event was graced by Prof. Jehan Zeb, Director (Chairman) of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Mardan, who attended as the chief guest.

In his address, Prof. Jehan Zeb commended the Foundation’s commitment to educational development and announced that BISE Mardan will fully support and collaborate with the Chakor Foundation to further expand its scholarship initiative.

This initiative is part of the Foundation’s flagship Student Scholarship Program, which aims to make higher education accessible for youth from low-income backgrounds.

Beyond financial aid, the program provides mentorship, skill development, and career guidance, ensuring recipients have the support they need to thrive academically and professionally.

A Message of Hope and Responsibility

Addressing the students, Mr. Abbas Khan called the occasion “a very special day,” urging them to work tirelessly and make the most of the opportunity they had earned through dedication and talent.

He reminded the young scholars that they represent the bright future of Pakistan and their region, saying, “Make the most of this opportunity and reach the place where we, and your parents, dream to see you.”

Drawing from his own experience studying abroad, he encouraged students to complement their education with practical skills, technological expertise, critical thinking, and strong communication abilities.

He emphasized that success in today’s competitive world requires innovation and character, advising them to think beyond jobs and focus instead on creating solutions and ventures that address market needs, citing examples such as Airbnb, JazzCash, and InDrive.

Mr. Abbas Khan also announced that the Foundation plans to award 50 to 60 six-year scholarships every year, continuing its long-term commitment to educational uplift. He highlighted other ongoing initiatives, including interest-free loans for youth entrepreneurship and job placement support for graduates.

Another representative of the Chakor Foundation highlighted that the initiative reflects the organization’s belief in long-term impact over one-time assistance. “True empowerment begins when education is paired with opportunity,” the representative said, adding that “our goal is to help students not only earn degrees but also build the confidence to lead change within their communities.”

muhammad Abbas khan presenting scholarship certificate to a female student

This year’s recipients included 41 female and 12 male students, a fact Mr. Khan described as a “source of immense pride,” reflecting the growing academic excellence of young women in the region.

Extending Impact Beyond Education

In addition to the scholarship program, the Chakor Foundation has been actively implementing community development initiatives. The Foundation recently distributed over 32,000 school uniforms to deserving students across various institutions, helping families reduce educational expenses. 

Furthermore, 22 madrassas have been solarised under its clean energy initiative, ensuring continuous access to electricity and promoting sustainable energy practices in local communities.

These parallel efforts underline the Foundation’s broader mission, combining education, infrastructure, and social empowerment to improve the quality of life across the region.

A Broader Vision

muhammad abbas khan addressing to the ceremony

Reiterating the Foundation’s core objectives, Mr. Abbas Khan stated that the Chakor Foundation’s vision centers on the social and economic development of Pakistan’s underserved communities. 

Under his leadership, the Foundation has invested not only in education but also in employment programs, skills training, and industrial development in Mardan, creating local job opportunities and reducing urban migration pressures.

A visionary entrepreneur, Mr. Abbas Khan is also recognized for his work through Chakor Ventures, where he continues to lead sustainable infrastructure projects that attract international investment and drive economic progress in Pakistan. His leadership philosophy emphasizes empowerment, self-reliance, and community well-being.

As the event concluded, his message resonated deeply with the audience:
 “One day, I want to see you standing on this very stage.”

That vision, of education, empowerment, and opportunity, remains the cornerstone of the Chakor Foundation’s mission to build a more inclusive and prosperous future for Pakistan.

CategoriesCitadel 7

Toxic smog chokes Lahore: farmers face arrest for illegal stubble burning

LAHORE: The worsening smog crisis in Lahore reached ‘hazardous’ levels on Sunday, with authorities reporting hazardous air quality and launching intensified efforts to curb pollution across the city.

Data from the Punjab Environment Protection Agency (EPA) showed that the Air Quality Index (AQI) surged to 388 by 9 a.m., placing Lahore among the most polluted cities globally and sparking renewed health concerns for its residents. Officials said the dangerous air levels were caused by both domestic emissions and pollutants drifting in from neighboring India.

Punjab EPA Project Director Sajid Bashir explained that seasonal wind patterns known as the East Corridor allow contaminants from northeastern India to enter Lahore during the smog season. He said emissions from Diwali celebrations and stubble burning in the Indian state of Punjab had compounded the city’s already critical air quality.

To address local sources of smog, the provincial Environment Department has implemented a stringent enforcement strategy. Newly established Quick Response Forces equipped with modern vehicles have been deployed to monitor agricultural areas and immediately extinguish crop residue fires.

Bashir warned that strict legal action would be taken against anyone found engaging in illegal burning, including the registration of cases, arrests, and financial penalties.

Officials said the government’s enhanced anti-smog operations are aimed at protecting public health and mitigating the severe impact of air pollution that continues to blanket Lahore each winter.

CategoriesNews

Amid rising smog, Punjab government mandates face masks for police, workers

LAHORE: The Punjab government has made face masks mandatory for all traffic police officers and “Suthra Punjab” field workers as part of a province-wide effort to tackle worsening smog conditions. The directive comes after Lahore was ranked the second most polluted city in the world, with an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 218, just behind Delhi.

Senior Minister Marriyum Aurangzeb, who heads the environment department, said the measure aims to protect frontline workers regularly exposed to vehicular emissions and hazardous air. She added that the provincial machinery is fully mobilized to combat smog and protect public health.

Authorities have attributed the recent surge in pollution to stubble burning and Diwali fireworks in Indian Punjab, with polluted winds drifting into Lahore and Kasur from neighboring Indian cities such as Amritsar, Patiala, and Ferozepur. The Punjab Pollution Control Board (India) has identified 663 villages as stubble-burning hotspots, contributing significantly to cross-border pollution.

In response, the LDA, WASA, PHA, LWMC, and EPA have launched anti-smog operations involving water sprinkling, anti-smog guns, and dust control at construction sites. Emission monitoring has been intensified for vehicles, brick kilns, and industries, while Lahore’s entry points now have stricter inspection checkpoints.

The newly established Smog Monitoring and Control Center is now fully operational, gathering real-time data to support timely government action. According to forecasts, Lahore’s AQI is expected to stay between 210 and 240, with winds of 3–6 km/h, which will gradually improve air quality in the coming days.

The Punjab government has urged citizens to wear masks, avoid unnecessary travel, and limit outdoor exposure, especially for children, the elderly, and respiratory patients. It has also encouraged residents to plant greenery to help absorb airborne pollutants.

CategoriesClimate Change

Smog in Pakistan 2025: Causes, Cities Affected & How to Stay Safe

Smog in Pakistan has turned into a fifth season. Every winter, thick layers of smog engulf Pakistan’s major cities, turning the skies grey and the air toxic. From Lahore to Faisalabad, poor air quality has become a recurring crisis linked to vehicle emissions, industrial smoke, and crop burning. As pollution peaks between October and January, smog threatens health, disrupts daily life, and highlights the urgent need for cleaner energy and stronger environmental action. In this blog, Chakor answers all your questions about smog in Pakistan.

Category Smog in Pakistan: Key Details
Top Affected Cities Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, and Multan all report AQI levels ranging from “very unhealthy” to “hazardous” during October–January. Smog in Islamabad has also been an issue in recent years.
Most Impacted City | Smog in Lahore Lahore often ranks among the most polluted cities globally, with AQI readings exceeding 400–600 during peak smog in Pakistan.
Main Causes of Smog in Pakistan Vehicle emissions, industrial smoke, brick kilns, and post-harvest crop burning worsen in stagnant winter air and temperature inversions.
Season of Smog in Pakistan October to January, when dry, cold weather traps pollutants near the ground, creating thick layers of smog.
 Smog in Pakistan | Health Impacts Respiratory illnesses, eye irritation, heart complications, and a higher risk for children, the elderly, and those with asthma.
Short-Term Measures School closures, work-from-home directives, mask mandates, and traffic restrictions during severe smog spikes.
Long-Term Government Actions Enforcement of Smog Prevention Rules 2023, conversion of brick kilns to zig-zag technology, introduction of Euro-5 and Euro-6 fuels, and development of a UNEP-supported Smog Mitigation Plan.
Local Preventive Steps Use N95/KN95 masks, limit outdoor activity, maintain vehicles, avoid open burning, and plant more trees to improve local air quality.
Future Prevention Goals of Smog in Pakistan Strengthen vehicle inspection systems, expand clean-fuel infrastructure, support farmers in residue-to-energy initiatives, and align national air-quality targets with WHO standards (PM2.5 ≤ 5 µg/m³).

Smog Definition

traffic view during smog hours

Smog is a thick, dirty haze that forms when pollutants in the air mix and react with sunlight. These pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) from vehicle exhaust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fuel vapors, and gases such as sulfur dioxide and ammonia, combine to form ground-level ozone and tiny particulate matter (PM2.5).

Sometimes, a weather condition called a temperature inversion traps this polluted air close to the ground, prolonging the smog in Pakistan and making it harder for people to breathe.

Difference Between Smog and Smoke

Smoke is a visible mixture of gases and tiny solid particles released from burning materials like wood, coal, or fuel. Smog, on the other hand, is a mixture of smoke and fog formed when pollutants react with sunlight, creating a thick, toxic haze that lingers in the air.

Difference Between Fog and Smog

Fog is a natural weather phenomenon made up of tiny water droplets suspended in the air, usually forming when humidity is high and temperatures drop. Smog, however, is a mixture of fog and air pollutants such as smoke and chemicals, giving it a brownish or grey color and making it harmful to breathe.

Types of Smog

Smog appears in different forms depending on the main pollutants and the weather conditions. Here are the two primary types recognized by experts:

  • Sulfurous Smog (London Smog): This type develops when sulfur oxides from burning coal or other sulfur-rich fuels combine with high humidity and suspended particles. The result is dense, grey-black air that can severely impair visibility and respiratory health.
  • Photochemical Smog (Los Angeles Smog): This form occurs mainly in sunny urban environments with large numbers of vehicles. Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon vapours react under sunlight to form ground-level ozone and other harmful compounds. It often appears as a brownish haze, reduces visibility, irritates eyes and lungs, and damages plants.

Causes of Smog in Pakistan

smog in pakistan animation

Smog in Pakistan is caused by a mix of human activities, industrial emissions, and weather conditions that trap pollutants near the ground. Each year, from late October to January, dense smoke and fog create a thick grey haze over Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, and other cities in Punjab.

Transport Emissions

Vehicles are the leading source of urban air pollution.

  • Old and poorly maintained cars, buses, and rickshaws release heavy smoke, NOx, and VOCs.
  • Use of low-quality, high-sulfur fuels worsens exhaust pollution.
  • Weak inspection and enforcement allow smoke-emitting vehicles to stay on roads.

Brick Kilns and Industrial Pollution

Brick Kilns causing smog in pakistan

Brick kilns and small factories produce large amounts of PM2.5 particles.

  • Traditional kilns burn coal, rubber, and crop waste, creating dense black smoke.
  • Many kilns operate near cities such as Sheikhupura, Kasur, and Gujranwala, increasing local pollution.
  • Industries using low-grade furnace oil or lacking emission filters add further pollutants to the air.

Crop Residue Burning | Smog in Pakistan

a farmer burning crop residue causing smog in pakistan

Post-harvest burning of rice straw is a major seasonal contributor to smog.

  • Farmers burn leftover stubble in October and November to clear land for wheat planting.
  • This releases smoke, soot, carbon monoxide, and methane, worsening air quality.
  • Research shows it accounts for 30–40% of PM2.5 in Lahore during the peak smog season.
  • The smoke lingers for days due to cold, still air and low wind speeds.

Construction Dust, Generators, & Waste Burning | Smog in Pakistan

Construction Dust causes smog

Every day, urban activities add to year-round pollution.

  • Construction sites and roadwork generate heavy dust.
  • Diesel generators used during power outages emit thick black smoke.
  • Open burning of garbage and plastic waste releases toxic fumes.
     These sources continuously increase particulate matter and deepen the winter haze.

Weather and Climate Factors

weather causing smog

Weather conditions intensify smog in Pakistan formation.

  • In winter, temperature inversion traps polluted air close to the ground.
  • Climate change has lengthened and increased the frequency of these inversion periods.
  • Low rainfall and weak winds prevent pollutants from dispersing, allowing smog to persist across the Indus Basin region.

Hazardous Smog Effects on Health

Effects of Smog in Pakistan on Health

  • Respiratory Problems: Smog irritates the airways, causing coughing, wheezing, asthma attacks, and chronic bronchitis.
  • Eye and Throat Irritation: Polluted air leads to burning eyes, sore throat, and watery discharge, especially in children and outdoor workers.
  • Heart and Lung Diseases: Long-term exposure increases the risk of heart attacks, stroke, and lung infections.
  • Reduced Immunity: Continuous inhalation of fine particles weakens the immune system, making the body more prone to infections.
  • Harm to Children and Elderly: Kids, pregnant women, and older adults are more vulnerable due to weaker respiratory and immune systems.
  • Decreased Visibility and Accidents: Dense smog lowers visibility, leading to more road accidents and transport delays.

Global and Regional Factors Amplifying Pakistan’s Smog

Global Factors Causing Smog in Pakistan Regional Factors Causing Smog in Pakistan
Rising Temperatures: Pakistan is warming faster than the global average, accelerating chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), thereby increasing ground-level ozone. Crop Burning in Northern India: Large-scale stubble burning in Indian Punjab and Haryana (Oct–Nov) produces smoke that drifts into Pakistan via shared wind corridors.
Longer Dry Spells: Climate change has reduced winter rainfall, particularly in Punjab, preventing natural cleansing of pollutants. Regional Airflow Patterns: The bowl-like shape of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, bordered by the Himalayas, traps polluted air over Pakistan’s Punjab region.
Temperature Inversions: More frequent and longer-lasting winter inversions trap cool, polluted air near the ground. Shared Emission Sources: Both India and Pakistan depend heavily on coal, diesel, and open burning, adding to the shared haze.
Changing Wind Patterns: Altered monsoon and post-monsoon winds due to global warming have weakened air circulation, allowing pollutants to stagnate. Transboundary Pollution: Cross-border movement of pollutants from northern India worsens smog levels in eastern Punjab and Lahore.
Climate Impact Summary: Hotter, drier, and more stagnant weather conditions are becoming common, ideal for trapping smog. Need for Regional Cooperation: UNEP and SAARC advocate for joint monitoring, data sharing, and coordinated air-quality management between Pakistan and India.

Cities Hit the Worst by Smog in Pakistan

lahore through smog

Punjab’s major cities experience severe air pollution each winter, turning the region into one of the world’s most dangerous smog zones.

  • Lahore: Faces AQI levels between 400–600, making it one of the most polluted cities globally.
  • Kasur & Sheikhupura: Nearby crop residue burning adds thick smoke to Lahore’s atmosphere.
  • Faisalabad: Suffers from industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust, reducing visibility during the winter months.
  • Gujranwala: High brick kiln activity and factory smoke contribute to persistent haze.
  • Multan: Dust from construction and urban traffic keeps pollution levels elevated.

Measures Taken by the Government to Tackle Smog in Pakistan

Federal and provincial governments are implementing short- and long-term measures to reduce smog in Pakistan.

  • Short-Term Measures (Nov–Dec 2024): Schools and offices closed during peak smog. Work-from-home policy introduced to reduce traffic. Masks made mandatory. Heavy vehicles are banned inside city limits. Public parks and museums closed on high-AQI days.
  • Punjab EPA Smog Rules 2023: Ban on low-grade fuels. Mandatory cleaner energy use. Regular inspections and fines for vehicles and industries emitting smoke. New air-quality monitoring systems in major cities.
  • Brick Kiln Modernization: Zig-zag kiln technology promoted for cleaner burning. Non-compliant kilns shut down during smog season. More than 70% of kilns in Punjab have been upgraded.
  • Vehicle and Fuel Upgrade Plan: Euro-5 fuel in use nationwide. Euro-6 standard targeted by 2030. Vehicle fitness centers launched to phase out unfit vehicles.
  • UNEP–Punjab Smog Roadmap: Stricter fines for high emitters. Air-quality data added to urban planning. Public awareness programs for clean fuels, waste management, and green transport.

Actions for Individuals & Institutions to Tackle Smog in Pakistan

Citizens and organizations are urged to take daily actions to reduce exposure and emissions.

  • Individuals: Wear N95 or KN95 masks. Check AQI before going outdoors. Limit unnecessary driving and energy use.
  • Commuters: Carpool or use public transport. Keep vehicles well-maintained. Avoid idling engines. Use low-sulfur fuels.
    At Home: Avoid burning garbage. Reduce diesel generator use. Choose energy-efficient lights and appliances.
  • Farmers and Communities: Stop stubble burning. Use Happy Seeder and Super-SMS machines. Turn residue into compost or biofuel. Plant trees and reduce construction dust by watering and covering sites.
  • Schools and Offices: Use HEPA air purifiers. Move outdoor activities indoors when AQI exceeds 150. Shift to online work or learning when AQI reaches 300.

Conclusion | Smog in Pakistan

Smog in Pakistan is a recurring public health crisis caused by vehicle emissions, industrial pollution, and crop burning, worsened by climate change. Temporary measures offer short relief, but lasting improvement needs cleaner fuels, modern kilns, and strict enforcement. With collective action and sustained commitment, Pakistan can work toward clearer skies and healthier air for all. For more information on similar informative topics, visit Chakor blogs.

FAQs About Smog in Pakistan

What is smog definition and smog meaning?

 Smog definition refers to polluted air formed when smoke, dust, and fog mix with chemical pollutants. Smog meaning is the presence of dirty haze in the atmosphere that makes breathing difficult and reduces visibility.

What are the causes of smog and consequences of smog?

 The main causes of smog include vehicle emissions, brick kilns, crop burning, and industrial smoke. The consequences of smog are respiratory issues, eye irritation, heart problems, and reduced visibility that leads to accidents.

What is photochemical smog and how is it different from fog or smoke?

 Photochemical smog forms when sunlight reacts with vehicle exhaust gases, creating harmful ozone. The difference between fog and smog is that fog is natural moisture, while smog contains pollutants. The difference between smog and smoke is that smoke comes from burning materials, but smog is a mix of smoke, fog, and pollutants.

What is smog in Lahore and how bad is Lahore smog today?

 Smog in Lahore peaks from October to January when AQI levels reach hazardous levels. Lahore smog today often exceeds 400–600 AQI, making the city one of the most polluted globally.

What is smog holiday and why was there a holiday in Lahore due to smog?

 A smog holiday is declared when air quality becomes dangerous. The holiday in Lahore due to smog was announced by the Punjab government to reduce outdoor exposure and traffic pollution during extreme smog days.

What is Lahore High Court smog order and Lahore High Court smog case?

 The Lahore High Court smog order directed the Punjab government to impose smog holidays, monitor emissions, and implement control measures. The Lahore High Court smog case emphasized public health protection and strict enforcement of environmental rules.

What is Punjab govt smog holiday notification and smog holidays in Punjab 2023 notification?

 The Punjab govt smog holiday notification and smog holidays in Punjab 2023 notification announced closures of schools, offices, and public places across Lahore, Faisalabad, and Gujranwala due to worsening air quality.

What is smog in Islamabad and smog Islamabad situation?

 Smog in Islamabad has increased in recent years, mainly due to rising traffic and construction activity. The smog Islamabad levels remain lower than Lahore but still reach unhealthy AQI ranges in winter.

What does smog awareness in Urdu aim to achieve?

 Smog awareness in Urdu focuses on educating citizens about pollution sources, preventive steps, and health risks. It encourages mask use, reduced driving, and tree planting.

What is smog chart and how does it help?

 A smog chart shows AQI categories from good to hazardous, helping people track daily air quality and decide when to limit outdoor activity.

What is smog lockdown in Lahore and how does it relate to smog news?

 Smog lockdown in Lahore refers to temporary restrictions on traffic and industries to control pollution. Smog news updates these measures and daily air quality levels for public awareness.

What are future prevention goals of smog in Pakistan?

 Future prevention goals of smog in Pakistan include expanding clean-fuel use, enforcing vehicle inspections, promoting residue-to-energy farming, and aligning air-quality targets with WHO standards.

CategoriesNews

Smog offenders busted: Lahore Police go after dirty air culprits

LAHORE: Lahore Police have intensified their operations against individuals and businesses contributing to environmental pollution as part of the city’s ongoing anti-smog campaign.

According to a statement issued on Monday, police have arrested 83 people and registered 77 cases during the latest phase of the drive. Of those detained, 68 individuals were apprehended for emitting harmful smoke from factories, brick kilns, and vehicles, nine were caught burning tires, plastic, and shopping bags, and six were caught burning crop residue.

The arrests were made across multiple divisions, including 42 from Saddar, 14 from City, 13 from Cantt, six from Civil Lines, five from Model Town, and three from Iqbal Town Division.

Capital City Police Officer (CCPO) Bilal Siddique Kamyana said that full enforcement of anti-smog Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) is being ensured, with police extending legal support to other departments addressing environmental violations. 

He added that the Punjab Safe Cities Authority’s surveillance cameras are being used to identify and track offenders.

Kamyana directed police officials to accelerate operations against all elements contributing to air pollution and to act without discrimination. “Clean air is the best gift we can give to our future generations,” he said, urging citizens to cooperate in the fight against smog.

The crackdown comes as Lahore faces worsening air quality ahead of the winter smog season, driven by industrial emissions, vehicle smoke, and open burning.

CategoriesNews

Punjab’s anti-smog gun cuts Lahore pollution by 70%

ISLAMABAD: The Punjab government has reported a significant drop in Lahore’s air pollution levels after launching its first anti-smog gun operation, bringing the city’s Air Quality Index (AQI) down from a hazardous 666 to 170.

Punjab Senior Minister Marriyum Aurangzeb said on Saturday that the reduction, verified through the province’s environmental monitoring system, reflects the government’s commitment to using modern technology to improve public health. 

“This 70 percent decrease in air pollution has been scientifically analyzed and confirmed by our advanced environmental monitoring system,” she said in a video statement on X.

The operation involved anti-smog trucks spraying fine water mist across Lahore to settle dust and pollutants. Officials said more such efforts are planned as the smog season intensifies.

Each winter, Lahore faces worsening air quality caused by crop burning, vehicle emissions, and industrial pollution, pushing it among the world’s most polluted cities. Smog season typically begins in late October, peaks from November to January, and can last through February.

Health experts warn that smog exposure can lead to respiratory illnesses, sore throats, and eye irritation, while prolonged exposure raises the risk of stroke, heart disease, and lung cancer. Children remain particularly vulnerable.

Lahore’s 14 million residents have endured PM2.5 levels up to 20 times higher than World Health Organization limits, while Pakistan’s other major cities also struggle with chronic air pollution.

Officials say the provincial government will continue expanding anti-smog operations alongside stricter enforcement of emission controls to maintain recent gains.

CategoriesNews

Severe smog crisis looms over Pakistan as Diwali pollution drifts across border

LAHORE: Air pollution levels across eastern Pakistan have surged sharply following the Diwali festival in neighboring India, as thick smog drifted across the border into Punjab’s major cities, pushing air quality to hazardous levels.

According to data from the Punjab Air Quality Monitoring Network, Lahore recorded an overall Air Quality Index (AQI) of 318, placing it among the world’s most polluted cities. Dera Ghazi Khan reported the province’s highest pollution level at 450, while Sheikhupura recorded 311, Faisalabad 281, and Gujranwala 268. 

Within Lahore, localized readings were even more alarming, with Kahna at 430, Shahdara at 379, Burki Road at 344, Multan Road at 336, and DHA Phase 6 at 327.

Global monitoring platform IQAir ranked Lahore as the world’s most polluted city on Tuesday, with an AQI of 298, surpassing New Delhi, which recorded 283.

In response to the worsening air quality, the Punjab government has activated anti-smog guns and launched night operations in high-pollution zones, including Thokar. The Environment Protection Department (EPD) reported that polluted air masses from Amritsar, Ludhiana, and Haryana are drifting into Pakistan, affecting Lahore, Faisalabad, Sahiwal, Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan, and Multan. Officials warned that pollution levels are expected to peak during the early morning and nighttime hours due to stagnant weather conditions.

Senior Provincial Minister Maryam Aurangzeb called for public cooperation, urging citizens to follow environmental safety protocols and support government measures to combat the crisis.

The Punjab Smog Monitoring Center has advised citizens, especially children, the elderly, and those with respiratory illnesses, to wear masks and avoid unnecessary outdoor activity. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) confirmed that fine PM2.5 particles have spiked across major cities, posing serious health risks. 

Authorities emphasized strict enforcement against industrial emissions, open burning, vehicular smoke, and smoke-emitting eateries as part of a renewed campaign to improve air quality.

As air quality continues to deteriorate, environmental experts warn that the crisis will not abate without comprehensive and cooperative regional action. For now, Lahore and other parts of Punjab remain shrouded in toxic haze — a grim reminder of South Asia’s worsening smog season.

CategoriesCitadel 7

Restoring Hope in Buner: Chakor Foundation Stands with Flood-Affected Families

This year, Pakistan has faced an overwhelming impact of climate change, with unpredictable and extreme weather events disrupting the lives of many across the country. Among the most devastating events was the monsoon season of 2025, which saw catastrophic floods, particularly in northern Pakistan. The worst-hit district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) was Buner, where flash floods between August 14 and 15, 2025, resulted in widespread destruction and loss of life.

The flash floods in Buner were triggered by a rare and intense cloudburst. Heavy rainfall exceeded 150 mm within a short span of time, causing rivers to overflow and landslides to sweep across the region. 

Buner’s steep, erosion-prone terrain, combined with the effects of deforestation and climate change, made the district especially vulnerable to such extreme weather events.

In a matter of hours, the floodwaters submerged entire villages, including Qadar Nagar, Beshouni, Gokun, Malikpur, and Chagarzi, causing widespread damage.

According to the Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), the floods in Buner led to at least 208 confirmed deaths, with many others still missing. Over 2,300 homes were completely destroyed, and 413 homes were partially damaged. 

In addition, the floods resulted in the loss of approximately 4,054 livestock, widespread destruction of infrastructure, and the displacement of thousands of families.

Key infrastructure, including two police stations and several bridges, was either washed away or severely damaged, making it difficult for rescue operations to access the most affected areas.

The situation has been dire for the residents of Buner. The floods also devastated agricultural lands, rendering approximately 80% of the region’s farmland unusable. With the destruction of homes, livelihoods, and infrastructure, the affected families are now facing a long road to recovery. 

The need for humanitarian assistance remains urgent in the midst of the crisis. Displaced families are in desperate need of food, clean water, medical supplies, and shelter, while the region faces a growing risk of waterborne diseases due to contamination.

Government and non-governmental organizations are supporting the ongoing relief efforts. The Chakor Foundation, in collaboration with the Al Amaan Foundation, has donated Rs. 2 crore to assist in the recovery efforts. 

This contribution will help provide immediate relief to 100 families in the hardest-hit villages, offering tents for shelter, food supplies, and other essential resources.

Muhammad Abbas Khan, the CEO of Chakor Foundation, stated, “We understand the hardships these families are facing and are dedicated to assisting them in restoring their homes and livelihoods.” 

Despite these initial relief efforts, the people of Buner remain in urgent need of further assistance, and the path to rebuilding their homes and communities will require sustained support from both local and international organizations.

The floods in Buner serve as a stark reminder of the vulnerability of many regions in northern Pakistan to extreme weather events. The district’s long-term recovery will require not only infrastructure rebuilding and agricultural restoration but also the implementation of climate-resilient practices to mitigate the effects of future disasters.

As efforts continue, humanitarian organizations and the government are calling for increased donations and resources to help the affected families rebuild their lives. The road to recovery is long, but with continued support, the people of Buner hope to restore their homes and livelihoods.

CategoriesArchitecture

All You Need to Know About Tomb of Quaid e Azam

Among Karachi’s most recognizable landmarks, tomb of Quaid e Azam stands as a proud reminder of Pakistan’s history and the legacy of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The white marble structure reflects both elegance and national pride, drawing visitors from across the country and beyond. This blog explores its rich history, architectural design, and lasting significance as a symbol of Pakistan’s identity and resilience.

Key Information About the Tomb of Quaid e Azam

Attribute Information About Tomb of Quaid e Azam 
Official Name Mazar-e-Quaid (Jinnah Mausoleum / National Mausoleum)
Location M.A. Jinnah Road, Jamshed Quarters, Karachi, Pakistan
Architect of Quaid e Azam Tomb Yahya C. Merchant
Construction Period 1960–1971
Height 43 meters (141 feet)
Area 131.71 acres (including gardens and auxiliary zones)
Material White marble with copper latticework
Inauguration 18 January 1971 by President Yahya Khan
Managed By Quaid-e-Azam Mazar Management Board (QMMB)
Notable Burials Fatima Jinnah, Liaquat Ali Khan, Nurul Amin, Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar

Location & How to Reach?

map of mazar e quaid

Tomb of Quaid e Azam is located in the heart of Karachi, near Numaish Chowrangi and M.A. Jinnah Road, one of the city’s busiest and most historic routes. Its central position makes it easily accessible from all major parts of Karachi.

Getting to the Tomb of Quaid e Azam

Visitors can reach the mausoleum conveniently by car, public buses, or ride-hailing services like Careem and Uber. The area is well-connected, so finding transport is never a problem, whether you’re coming from Saddar, Gulshan, or Clifton.

History of Tomb of Quaid e Azam

night view of mazar e quaid

Following the death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1948, a modest white-marble plinth marked his grave. In 1949, the government set up the Quaid‑e‑Azam Memorial Fund (QMF) to plan a fitting national monument to the Founder of Pakistan.

Design Competition and Final Approval

In 1957, the government launched an international design competition to build the mausoleum. The British architect William Whitfield won the competition, but his design was rejected by the QMF and Fatima Jinnah for being too foreign and elaborate.

Eventually, Bombay-based architect Yahya C. Merchant, a personal friend of Jinnah, was commissioned to create the final design in the early 1960s.

Construction & Inauguration

  • The foundation stone was laid by President Ayub Khan on 31 July 1960.
  • The mausoleum was officially inaugurated on 18 January 1971 by President Yahya Khan, featuring a 43-meter-tall white-marble structure.
  • The surrounding neo-Mughal gardens and landscaping were completed later, on 24 December 2000.

Design and Architecture of the Tomb of Quaid e Azam

quaid e azam tomb inside view

The design of the tomb of Quaid e Azam is a remarkable fusion of modernist and Indo-Islamic architectural traditions, reflecting both Pakistan’s cultural roots and its aspirations for progress.

Created by architect Yahya C. Merchant, the mausoleum was envisioned as a structure that symbolized dignity, simplicity, and purity, qualities closely associated with Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah himself.

Merchant drew inspiration from ancient Islamic architecture, particularly the Samanid Mausoleum in Bukhara, one of Central Asia’s earliest Islamic domed tombs.

The resulting design balances a modern geometric structure with traditional elements like pointed arches and a central dome, a blend that bridges Pakistan’s past with its modern identity.

Structure and Features

tomb of quaid e azam interior

The tomb of Quaid e Azam stands on an elevated 54-metre-square platform, giving it an imposing yet graceful presence above Karachi’s cityscape. At its core is a central dome rising 43 meters (141 ft), surrounded by four pointed arches that serve as entrances on each side, representing openness and unity.

The entire structure is clad in pure white marble, a material chosen for its association with purity, peace, and national integrity. Each entrance is adorned with delicate copper lattice screens, allowing natural light to filter through while maintaining an air of solemnity.

Inside, the sarcophagus of Jinnah rests in the center of the chamber, carved from black marble and surrounded by a polished white marble floor.

Landscape and Layout

The monument is surrounded by the expansive Bagh-e-Quaid-e-Azam, a 61-acre landscaped complex designed to frame the mausoleum in perfect symmetry.

The gardens are laid out in tiered terraces, with fountains, flowerbeds, and wide stone pathways leading up to the central structure. The symmetry of the gardens mirrors the balanced design of the mausoleum itself, creating a sense of harmony and reflection.

The open spaces around the monument were specifically designed to accommodate ceremonial parades, national gatherings, and military honors, turning the tomb of Quaid e Azam into both a spiritual and civic center.

Significance and Symbolism

Tomb of Quaid e Azam is much more than just a mausoleum; it is a symbol of Pakistan’s independence, unity, and national pride. The site is deeply ingrained in Pakistan’s collective consciousness, symbolizing the struggles and achievements that led to the creation of the country in 1947.

The mausoleum is the central hub for the nation’s most significant national events, including Pakistan Day (23rd March), Independence Day (14th August), and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s birthday (25th December).

Additional Structures and Museum

quaid e azam mausoleum night view

Tomb of Quaid e Azam is not just a mausoleum; it houses several other important structures and museum facilities that provide deeper insights into Pakistan’s history and Jinnah’s life.

Aiwan-e-Nawadrat-e-Quaid-e-Azam

This museum is dedicated to preserving Jinnah’s personal belongings, his speeches, and historical documents that offer a closer look at the life and legacy of Pakistan’s founder.

Grave Hall

Grave Hall inside tomb of quaid e azam

The Grave Hall is a solemn space that contains the tombs of not just Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah but also of his sister Fatima Jinnah, Liaquat Ali Khan, and other key figures who played significant roles in Pakistan’s early history.

Visitor Information

mazaar e quaid exterior view

Before visiting the tomb of Quaid-e-Azam, make sure to learn about the visit information.

Timings

The mausoleum is generally open to visitors from 10:00 AM to 5:30 PM. However, the timings may vary depending on seasonal changes or special events, so it’s advisable to confirm before planning a visit.

Entry Fees

Entry to the tomb of Quaid e Azam is free for all visitors. It’s an inclusive space, welcoming people from all walks of life to pay homage to Pakistan’s founder. Additionally, guided tours are available to provide more detailed information about the site’s history, architecture, and significance.

Facilities

Tomb of Quaid e Azam offers various amenities for visitors, including gardens, rest areas, and museum halls. The grounds are beautifully maintained, providing a serene and peaceful environment for reflection.

Photography

mazar e quaid garden

Photography is allowed in the outer gardens but is restricted inside the mausoleum to maintain the sanctity and respect for the space.

Conclusion

Mazar-e-Quaid stands as a monument of pride and unity, blending architectural brilliance with historical reverence. Beyond serving as the final resting place of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the mausoleum is a symbol of the nation’s ideals: faith, unity, and discipline.

For more information on similar historic buildings like Badshahi Masjid, visit Chakor blogs.

CategoriesNews

IMF flags $30 billion trade discrepancy in Pakistan’s import records

ISLAMABAD: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has proposed sending a technical assistance mission to Pakistan to examine a trade data discrepancy amounting to between $16.5 billion and $30 billion, aiming to identify the causes and suggest corrective measures.

The proposal was made during the recent review discussions under Pakistan’s $7 billion bailout program, but local authorities have so far declined the offer, asserting that they are capable of addressing the issue independently. Officials said part of the discrepancy stems from unbooked raw materials imported under trade facilitation schemes, while others believe the gap may involve tax evasion or trade-based money laundering.

According to official records, Pakistan Single Window (PSW) reported imports worth $321 billion from July 2020 to June 2025, whereas the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) recorded only $291 billion, creating a $30 billion gap. Additionally, Pakistan Revenue Automation Limited (PRAL) listed $304.5 billion, about $16.5 billion less than PSW’s figure, with $12.8 billion linked to the export facilitation scheme.

PBS Chief Statistician Dr. Naeem Uz-Zafar stated that Pakistan does not require IMF assistance, emphasizing that the bureau is technically equipped to reconcile trade data. Meanwhile, the IMF has urged Pakistan to publicly disclose the discrepancies and enhance transparency in its reporting.

The SBP clarified that its trade data is based primarily on bank-reported transactions, meaning no major revision is expected in the country’s current account balance, though minor adjustments could follow.

Planning Minister Ahsan Iqbal said the government had explained the matter to the IMF, which appeared satisfied with the justification. Meanwhile, Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb reaffirmed Pakistan’s commitment to reforming the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) through improvements in people, process, and technology.

The IMF’s proposed mission, if accepted, would be separate from its financial program and would focus solely on data accuracy and governance improvements.