LAHORE: The worsening smog crisis in Lahore reached ‘hazardous’ levels on Sunday, with authorities reporting hazardous air quality and launching intensified efforts to curb pollution across the city.
Data from the Punjab Environment Protection Agency (EPA) showed that the Air Quality Index (AQI) surged to 388 by 9 a.m., placing Lahore among the most polluted cities globally and sparking renewed health concerns for its residents. Officials said the dangerous air levels were caused by both domestic emissions and pollutants drifting in from neighboring India.
Punjab EPA Project Director Sajid Bashir explained that seasonal wind patterns known as the East Corridor allow contaminants from northeastern India to enter Lahore during the smog season. He said emissions from Diwali celebrations and stubble burning in the Indian state of Punjab had compounded the city’s already critical air quality.
To address local sources of smog, the provincial Environment Department has implemented a stringent enforcement strategy. Newly established Quick Response Forces equipped with modern vehicles have been deployed to monitor agricultural areas and immediately extinguish crop residue fires.
Bashir warned that strict legal action would be taken against anyone found engaging in illegal burning, including the registration of cases, arrests, and financial penalties.
Officials said the government’s enhanced anti-smog operations are aimed at protecting public health and mitigating the severe impact of air pollution that continues to blanket Lahore each winter.
This year, Pakistan has faced an overwhelming impact of climate change, with unpredictable and extreme weather events disrupting the lives of many across the country. Among the most devastating events was the monsoon season of 2025, which saw catastrophic floods, particularly in northern Pakistan. The worst-hit district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) was Buner, where flash floods between August 14 and 15, 2025, resulted in widespread destruction and loss of life.
The flash floods in Buner were triggered by a rare and intense cloudburst. Heavy rainfall exceeded 150 mm within a short span of time, causing rivers to overflow and landslides to sweep across the region.
Buner’s steep, erosion-prone terrain, combined with the effects of deforestation and climate change, made the district especially vulnerable to such extreme weather events.
In a matter of hours, the floodwaters submerged entire villages, including Qadar Nagar, Beshouni, Gokun, Malikpur, and Chagarzi, causing widespread damage.
According to the Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), the floods in Buner led to at least 208 confirmed deaths, with many others still missing. Over 2,300 homes were completely destroyed, and 413 homes were partially damaged.
In addition, the floods resulted in the loss of approximately 4,054 livestock, widespread destruction of infrastructure, and the displacement of thousands of families.
Key infrastructure, including two police stations and several bridges, was either washed away or severely damaged, making it difficult for rescue operations to access the most affected areas.
The situation has been dire for the residents of Buner. The floods also devastated agricultural lands, rendering approximately 80% of the region’s farmland unusable. With the destruction of homes, livelihoods, and infrastructure, the affected families are now facing a long road to recovery.
The need for humanitarian assistance remains urgent in the midst of the crisis. Displaced families are in desperate need of food, clean water, medical supplies, and shelter, while the region faces a growing risk of waterborne diseases due to contamination.
Government and non-governmental organizations are supporting the ongoing relief efforts. The Chakor Foundation, in collaboration with the Al Amaan Foundation, has donated Rs. 2 crore to assist in the recovery efforts.
This contribution will help provide immediate relief to 100 families in the hardest-hit villages, offering tents for shelter, food supplies, and other essential resources.
Muhammad Abbas Khan, the CEO of Chakor Foundation, stated, “We understand the hardships these families are facing and are dedicated to assisting them in restoring their homes and livelihoods.”
Despite these initial relief efforts, the people of Buner remain in urgent need of further assistance, and the path to rebuilding their homes and communities will require sustained support from both local and international organizations.
The floods in Buner serve as a stark reminder of the vulnerability of many regions in northern Pakistan to extreme weather events. The district’s long-term recovery will require not only infrastructure rebuilding and agricultural restoration but also the implementation of climate-resilient practices to mitigate the effects of future disasters.
As efforts continue, humanitarian organizations and the government are calling for increased donations and resources to help the affected families rebuild their lives. The road to recovery is long, but with continued support, the people of Buner hope to restore their homes and livelihoods.
Wazir Khan Mosque stands as one of Lahore’s most remarkable architectural and cultural treasures. Built in the 17th century by the Mughal governor Wazir Khan, it’s known for its stunning tile work, intricate frescoes, and towering minarets. This mosque is not only a place of worship but also a symbol of Lahore’s rich history. In this blog, we’ll dive into its history, architectural beauty, and cultural significance, offering a complete guide to this iconic landmark.
Visitor Information
Wazir Khan Mosque, with its stunning architecture and rich history, is a must-visit landmark in Lahore. Here’s all you need to know about visiting this remarkable site:
Location
Situated in the Walled City of Lahore, Wazir Khan Mosque is in a culturally rich area, known for its historical significance and vibrant local life. The mosque is surrounded by the old city’s bustling streets, making it a captivating spot for history enthusiasts and photographers alike.
How to Reach?
Nearest Landmarks: The mosque is conveniently located near the Lahore Fort, Badshahi Mosque, and the Shahi Hammam. These iconic landmarks are within walking distance, allowing visitors to explore multiple attractions in a single trip.
Transportation Options:
By Car/Taxi: Wazir Khan Mosque is easily accessible by car or taxi from any part of Lahore, especially from major roads like Mall Road and Circular Road.
Public Transport: Public transport options such as buses and rickshaws are available, with stops near the mosque. The Walled City area is well-served by local transport.
Walking: For those exploring Lahore’s historical heart, the mosque is also easily accessible on foot from nearby sites in the Walled City.
Best Time to Visit
Ideal Seasons: The best time to visit the mosque is during the cooler months of November to February, when the weather is more comfortable for outdoor exploration.
Best Time for Photography: Early mornings or late afternoons are the perfect times for photography, especially at sunrise and sunset when the golden light enhances the mosque’s intricate tile work and frescoes.
Entrance Fees: Currently, there is no entrance fee for visiting Wazir Khan Mosque. However, it is always advisable to check for any updates regarding entrance fees or special guidelines.
Visitor Guidelines:
Dress modestly as a sign of respect to the religious significance of the site.
Visitors are encouraged to maintain the sanctity of the mosque by refraining from loud talking or disturbing other worshippers.
Photography is allowed, but visitors should be cautious not to damage the delicate frescoes or tiles while taking pictures.
History of Wazir Khan Mosque
The Wazir Khan Mosque built by Hakim Ilam-ud-Din Ansari in 1634, also known as Wazir Khan, who served as the governor of Punjab during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Construction commenced in 1634 and was completed in 1641, taking approximately seven years to finish. The mosque was designed to enclose the tomb of Miran Badshah, a revered 14th-century Sufi saint, integrating spiritual and architectural elements.
Architectural Style
Wazir Khan Mosque is a quintessential example of Mughal architecture, incorporating elements from Persian and Central Asian styles. The mosque’s design reflects the grandeur and symmetry characteristic of Mughal structures, with influences from Timurid and Safavid architectural traditions. This fusion creates a harmonious blend of Islamic and regional design elements, evident in the mosque’s layout, decoration, and structural features.
Layout
The mosque is laid out in a rectangular plan, measuring approximately 86.17 x 50.44 meters (282.7 x 165.4 feet). It comprises five main compartments, each topped with a dome, and is centered around a large courtyard.
The central prayer hall is the largest and is flanked by four smaller domed chambers. This layout is designed to accommodate congregational prayers and reflects the traditional Islamic architectural emphasis on communal worship spaces.
Domes and Minarets
Domes: The mosque features five domes: the central dome is 31 feet (9.4 meters) high and 23 feet (7 meters) in diameter, while the four smaller domes are 21 feet (6.4 meters) high and 19 feet (5.8 meters) in diameter.
Minarets: Four octagonal minarets, each 107 feet (32.6 meters) tall, mark the corners of the main courtyard. These minarets are adorned with intricate tile work and are among the earliest examples of muqarnas (stalactite-like ornamentation) in South Asia. They serve both aesthetic and functional purposes, enhancing the mosque’s verticality and providing access to elevated platforms.
Kashi-Kari
The Wazir Khan Mosque inside and outside, both are adorned with kashi-kari, a form of glazed tile work that originated in Persia. This technique involves the use of vibrant, colored tiles arranged in intricate patterns.
The tile work at Wazir Khan Mosque includes motifs such as cypress trees, floral designs, and geometric patterns, reflecting Persian artistic traditions. The use of cobalt blue, cerulean, white, green, orange, yellow, and purple tiles creates a visually striking effect.
Notably, the mosque’s minarets feature motifs of cypress trees and stars, enhancing their decorative appeal.
Frescoes
The interior walls of the mosque are embellished with buon frescoes, a traditional painting technique applied directly onto wet plaster. These frescoes depict scenes from Islamic paradise, including trees, pitchers of wine, and platters of fruit, symbolizing the rewards of the afterlife.
The frescoes combine imperial Mughal elements with local Punjabi decorative styles, creating a unique artistic expression.
Calligraphy
Arabic calligraphy adorns various surfaces within the mosque, including verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
The calligraphy is executed in various scripts, including Nasta’liq, Thuluth, and Tughra, showcasing the artistic versatility of Islamic calligraphers. These inscriptions not only serve decorative purposes but also convey spiritual messages and teachings.
Muqarnas
Muqarnas, a form of decorative vaulting, are prominently featured in the mosque’s architecture. The entrance iwan (arched portal) is adorned with one of Lahore’s first examples of muqarnas, displaying intricate geometric patterns. This architectural feature, which originated in the Middle East, adds depth and complexity to the mosque’s design.
Restoration & Conservation Efforts
The preservation of Wazir Khan Mosque has been a long-term endeavor, with several challenges and initiatives aimed at maintaining its grandeur for future generations. Here’s a look at the ongoing restoration and conservation efforts:
Challenges Faced
Urban Encroachment: As Lahore has expanded, the area around the mosque has faced rapid urbanization, threatening its visibility and accessibility. Buildings and infrastructure encroach on its surroundings, impacting the mosque’s prominence.
Pollution and Weathering: The mosque has suffered from environmental factors such as pollution and weathering, causing damage to its intricate frescoes, tiles, and masonry. Exposure to pollutants and the harsh climate has eroded parts of the structure over time.
Major Restoration Projects
2009 Restoration: A significant restoration project began in 2009 to address some of these issues, focusing on cleaning and stabilizing the structure, as well as conserving the decorative elements. This included restoring the frescoes, tile work, and calligraphy that make the mosque an architectural masterpiece.
Ongoing Efforts: Conservation efforts continue today, with both local and international organizations actively involved in preserving the mosque’s artistic and architectural features. Efforts focus on structural repair, cleaning tiles, and restoring murals to prevent further deterioration.
Cultural Impact and Tourist Attraction
Wazir Khan Mosque isn’t just a religious site; it’s a cornerstone of Lahore’s cultural and historical fabric. Its significance extends beyond its architectural grandeur, drawing tourists and cultural enthusiasts from around the world. Here’s how it impacts both locals and visitors alike:
Role as a Tourist Destination in Lahore
Wazir Khan Mosque is one of Lahore’s most visited landmarks, attracting thousands of tourists each year. Its stunning Mughal architecture, rich history, and spiritual atmosphere make it a must-see for anyone exploring the city.
Located in the heart of the Walled City of Lahore, it serves as an anchor point for a journey through Lahore’s past, bringing both domestic and international visitors to experience its unique heritage.
FAQs
The following are some of the frequently asked questions regarding the Wazir Khan Mosque.
Where is Wazir Khan Mosque located?
Wazir Khan Mosque is located in the walled city of Lahore.
When was the Wazir Khan Mosque built?
The mosque was completed in 1641 during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan, commissioned by the Mughal governor Wazir Khan.
Who was Wazir Khan, and what is his connection to the mosque?
Wazir Khan was the Mughal governor of Lahore, and he commissioned the mosque to showcase Mughal architectural excellence and to serve as a center of worship.
What are the key architectural features of Wazir Khan Mosque?
Key features include Kashi-kari glazed tiles, frescoes, muqarnas, large domes, minarets, and a spacious courtyard.
Is Wazir Khan Mosque open to tourists?
Yes, the mosque is open to tourists. It offers guided tours, allowing visitors to admire its architectural and cultural significance.
Conclusion
Wazir Khan Mosque is a masterpiece of Mughal architecture and an essential part of Lahore’s history. Its stunning tile work, frescoes, and spiritual significance make it a must-visit landmark. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, architecture lover, or cultural traveler, don’t miss the chance to experience this symbol of Mughal excellence. For more information, visit Chakor blogs.
Mardan, Pakistan – The Chakor Foundation is proud to announce its commitment to bridging the education gap in Mardan, a city where the need for quality educational infrastructure is critical. Despite the growing demand for education, local schools and colleges struggle with inadequate facilities, leaving many students with potential but limited access to opportunities.
In response to this pressing issue, Chakor Foundation is offering scholarships and improving educational facilities to ensure that young minds in Mardan can access the resources and opportunities they deserve.
Education in Pakistan is facing a significant crisis, with 62% of children lacking access to quality education, which prevents millions of young individuals from realizing their full potential. Statistics from 2022 reveal that only 1.96 million students were enrolled in universities across a population of 243.7 million, illustrating the severe shortage of access to higher education, particularly in underprivileged areas.
Mardan, located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, faces an even greater challenge due to inadequate educational infrastructure, leaving students from disadvantaged backgrounds with few opportunities to succeed. This gap between those with access to education and those without continues to widen, exacerbating the issue.
To address this challenge, Chakor Foundation is dedicated to transforming the educational landscape in Mardan. Recognizing the urgent need for quality education and improved infrastructure, the Foundation has launched initiatives to provide students with scholarships and educational facilities.
Through its work, Chakor Foundation aims to uplift the entire educational ecosystem in the region, ensuring that all students—regardless of their financial situation—have the opportunity to pursue their dreams.
At the heart of this effort is the Chakor Scholarship Program, a need-based initiative designed to assist talented but financially disadvantaged students in Mardan. This program provides essential financial support for tuition fees, educational materials, and mentorship, ensuring that students can continue their education without financial barriers.
By offering this comprehensive assistance, Chakor Foundation is helping students from underserved communities access the quality education they deserve.
The Chakor Scholarship Program has set an annual funding goal of $20,000, with a target of $500 per student to cover essential educational expenses. The program aims to support 40 students annually, ensuring that each one receives the financial support necessary to succeed in their academic endeavors. This funding will cover tuition, books, transport, and mentorship, ensuring that students receive the holistic support they need to thrive.
The Foundation invites donors to support this initiative by contributing to the scholarship fund. Sponsors can choose to fully or partially fund a student’s education, with the option to support one or more students. Donors will receive regular progress reports on the students they sponsor, allowing them to track academic progress and see the direct impact of their contributions. Transparency is a key focus of the program, with real-time updates available via the Chakor Foundation’s donor portal, ensuring that all contributions are used effectively to support students.
Chakor Foundation believes that every donation—no matter the size—can make a meaningful difference in the lives of students in Mardan. Your support will provide them with the resources to continue their education and ultimately build a brighter future for themselves and their communities. To donate and help achieve the Foundation’s goal, simply visit the Chakor Foundation’s donation page.
Chakor Foundation is more than just a scholarship provider. It is committed to transforming the lives of underprivileged communities across Pakistan through a range of initiatives, including school uniform drives, virtual health clinics, and youth employment programs.
The Foundation’s holistic approach ensures that families and students receive the support they need to thrive, regardless of their background or financial situation. Through its work, Chakor Foundation is striving to create a more equitable and empowered society.
Standing tall in the bustling Blue Area, the Stock Exchange Tower Islamabad, is hard to miss. This iconic high-rise has witnessed Pakistan’s financial evolution firsthand, evolving from the headquarters of the Islamabad Stock Exchange to a modern office hub for multinational corporations. Its impressive architecture, advanced facilities, and prime location make it a landmark for business and design enthusiasts alike. In this guide, we take you through the tower’s history, architectural features, financial significance, and everything you need to know about this centerpiece of Islamabad’s skyline.
Key Information
Here’s a comprehensive table of key information about the ISE Tower:
Bronze bull statue, largest electronic screen in Pakistan (15 ft × 10 ft), state-of-the-art HVAC system, 6 passenger lifts per floor, 1 cargo lift, 3 stairwells
Connectivity
5,000 telephone lines, optic fiber internet, no copper connections
Fire Safety
Advanced firefighting system installed (cost ~PKR 300 million)
Notable Tenants
Air China Pakistan, Etihad Airlines Pakistan, OMV Pakistan, NEC Worldwide (Pakistan), Air Blue Head Office, Turkish Airlines Pakistan
Current Function
Office building, REIT asset managed by ISE Towers REIT Management Company Limited
Opening Date
31 July 2009
History of the ISE Tower
The ISE Tower was originally designed to serve as the headquarters of the Islamabad Stock Exchange (ISE), reflecting Pakistan’s growing financial ambitions. The Islamabad Stock Exchange itself was incorporated on 25 October 1989 as a guarantee-limited company to develop a modern trading infrastructure in the capital city.
Licensed as a stock exchange on 7 January 1992
Commenced trading operations in July 1992
Introduced computerized trading systems over time, starting with ISE-CTS in 1997, followed by ULTRA TRADE in 2002, and remote/internet trading in 2003
Joined Lahore Stock Exchange on 30 April 2007 to create a unified trading platform
Construction of the ISE Tower
To accommodate the growing needs of the stock exchange, the ISE Tower was planned and executed as a state-of-the-art high-rise office building in Islamabad’s Blue Area.
Construction commenced in 2006 and was completed in April 2009
Inaugurated by then Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani on 31 July 2009
Built at a cost of PKR 2.5 billion, independently funded by ISE management
Constructed in under four years, demonstrating efficient project execution
Transition and Repurposing
With the merger of the Islamabad Stock Exchange into the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) in 2016, the building was repurposed from a stock exchange headquarters to a modern office tower:
Integrated with Karachi Stock Exchange and Lahore Stock Exchange under the Stock Exchanges (Corporatization, Demutualization, and Integration) Act 2012
Renamed ISE Towers REIT Management Company Limited, now functioning as a corporate office building and REIT asset
Hosts multiple multinational companies, airlines, and corporate offices, becoming a hub of Islamabad’s financial and business activities
Key Milestones
1989: ISE incorporation
1992: Trading commenced
1997-2003: Transition to computerized and remote trading systems
2006-2009: Construction of ISE Tower
2009: Tower inauguration
2016: Integration into the Pakistan Stock Exchange and transformation into a REIT-managed office building
How to Reach ISE Tower, Islamabad
The ISE Tower is located in the heart of Islamabad’s business district, the Blue Area, making it highly accessible via multiple modes of transport.
Location
Address: 55, Jinnah Avenue, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan
Situated near prominent landmarks like The Centaurus Mall, Ufone Tower, and Shaheed-e-Millat Metro Station
By Car or Taxi
Easily reachable from all parts of Islamabad via Jinnah Avenue, the Blue Area, and nearby arterial roads
Ample on-site parking available in three basement levels, accommodating up to 300 vehicles
Public Transport
Close to Metro Bus stations: Shaheed-e-Millat Station South and 7th Avenue Metro Station
Local buses and ride-hailing services such as Careem and Uber provide convenient access
Walking & Cycling
For locals working or staying in the Blue Area, the tower is within walking or short cycling distance from nearby commercial and residential zones.
Accessibility Tips
Arrive early in the morning to avoid traffic congestion, particularly during peak office hours
The tower is fully equipped with lifts, stairwells, and security protocols for smooth visitor access
Visiting the ISE Tower is straightforward, whether you’re coming for business, a tour, or to explore its architectural prominence in Islamabad’s skyline.
Architectural & Design Features of ISE Tower
The Stock Exchange Tower Islamabad was designed by NESPAK Pvt. Ltd. and constructed by Habib Rafiq Pvt. Ltd., showcasing a modern approach to high-rise architecture in Islamabad’s Blue Area. The building features asymmetrical twin towers, which give it a unique skyline presence while maintaining a professional and corporate aesthetic.
The exterior combines blue-tinted glass with a robust grey structural framework, creating a sleek and contemporary look that contrasts yet complements the surrounding commercial district.
Special Features
The Stock Exchange Tower Islamabad is not just visually striking but also technologically advanced. Key highlights include:
Bronze bull statue, symbolizing financial growth and prosperity
Largest electronic screen in Pakistan, measuring 15 feet high by 10 feet wide
First building in Islamabad to feature an LCD screen mounted on its façade
Basements and Parking
The tower includes three basement levels, each spanning 50,000 sq. ft., primarily allocated for employee parking with a capacity of 300 cars. These levels also house critical plant rooms for the building’s HVAC and electrical systems.
Interior Amenities
Designed for efficiency and comfort, the interior of the Stock Exchange Tower Islamabad includes:
Six passenger lifts per floor and one cargo lift
Three stairwells per tower for accessibility and safety
Centralized HVAC system ensuring optimal temperature control
High-speed internet infrastructure, supported by a 5,000-line PTCL hub connected via fiber optics for fast and reliable connectivity
Fire Safety
Safety is a major focus of the building’s design. A state-of-the-art firefighting system was installed at a cost of approximately Rs 300 million, ensuring high standards of emergency preparedness for tenants and visitors.
Ground Floor for Banks
The ground floor of the Stock Exchange Tower Islamabad, is dedicated to banking facilities, providing easy access for tenants and visitors to essential financial services. This strategic allocation ensures convenience for daily operations and financial transactions within the building.
Corporate Tenants
ISE Tower hosts a diverse range of corporate tenants from multiple industries, including aviation, energy, technology, and financial services. Notable offices include:
Air China Pakistan Office
British Airways Pakistan Office (11th floor)
Etihad Airways Pakistan Office
OMV Pakistan Office (17th floor)
NEC Worldwide Pakistan (ground floor)
Airblue (12th floor)
MOL Pakistan (17th–19th floors)
Emirates Pakistan Office
Turkish Airlines Pakistan Office
These multinational corporations and local enterprises contribute to ISE Tower’s status as a premier corporate hub in Islamabad’s Blue Area.
Office Features & Infrastructure
The tower is designed to provide modern office amenities that meet the needs of contemporary businesses:
State-of-the-art office spaces with flexible layouts
Fully-equipped meeting rooms and conference halls for corporate events
Dining and cafeteria facilities for employees and visitors
Reception and administrative support, ensuring smooth operations
Advanced security systems with 24/7 building access
Robust ICT infrastructure supporting high-speed internet, telecommunication lines, and digital connectivity
Work Environment and Convenience
ISE Tower offers a professional and fully functional workspace, combining comfort, technology, and efficiency. With modern amenities, corporate tenants can conduct business seamlessly, while visitors and employees benefit from the convenience of integrated facilities.
Technological and Infrastructure Highlights
The ISE Tower integrates advanced infrastructure to support corporate and financial operations efficiently. Key features include:
Connectivity: Fiber-optic network with no copper connections; added cost of Rs 250 million to ensure high-speed, uninterrupted communication.
Communication & IT: Centralized hub of 5,000 telephone lines and integrated data systems for robust internal and external connectivity.
Safety & Security: State-of-the-art firefighting system, multiple emergency exits, and CCTV surveillance throughout the building.
Sustainability: Centralized HVAC system that efficiently manages energy use and ensures comfort for tenants and visitors.
These features make ISE Tower a model for modern, secure, and technologically advanced office buildings in Pakistan.
Significance
The ISE Tower is more than an office building, it is a symbol of Pakistan’s financial modernization:
Symbolism: Represents the country’s growing economic strength and aspirations for global financial integration.
Economic Hub: Hosts multinational offices, airlines, energy firms, and financial institutions, fostering business collaboration.
Strategic Location: Situated in Islamabad’s Blue Area, close to Metro stations and major business centers, ensuring easy accessibility.
Visitor Information
Visitors can access the tower for guided tours, gaining insights into office layouts, trading setups, and corporate operations.
Accessibility highlights:
Metro stations (Shaheed-e-Millat and 7th Avenue) are 2–4 minutes away on foot.
Gandhara International Airport is approximately 40 minutes by car.
Tours offer a unique perspective on Pakistan’s financial architecture and corporate environment.
Conclusion
The ISE Tower stands as a modern landmark, blending architectural elegance with Pakistan’s financial growth and development. Its advanced infrastructure, strategic location, and corporate significance make it a symbol of economic progress and innovation. For more information on the architectural marvels of Pakistan, visit Chakor blogs.
RAWALPINDI: The Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) has launched a PKR 43 million feasibility study to bring 35 million gallons per day (MGD) of water from Daducha Dam to Rawalpindi, officials announced. The study, expected to be completed within two months, will include surveys, technical designs, land acquisition, and environmental and social assessments.
WASA Managing Director Saleem Ashraf said a consultant has been engaged to prepare the PC-I for the project, which also involves setting up a filtration plant at the dam site. The initiative aims to reduce Rawalpindi’s reliance on groundwater and aging reservoirs, such as the 56-year-old Rawal Dam, while securing a long-term water supply for the city.
Currently, Rawalpindi draws 23 MGD from Rawal Dam, 6 MGD from Khanpur Dam, and 35 MGD from 480 tube wells, with over 60 percent of the city’s water coming from groundwater—a source now considered unsustainable.
Officials highlighted that the Daducha Dam project will not only provide a consistent water supply but also help recharge groundwater, reduce contamination risks, and lower pumping costs. The project is expected to meet the needs of the growing population and improve access to reliable drinking water for low-income communities.
Chakor is for Pakistan, and Pakistan is home to Chakor
In the poetic skies of South Asia, one bird soars not just with wings—but with meaning. The Chakor, celebrated in regional folklore, is said to spend its life in passionate pursuit of the moon. It doesn’t chase it for light—but for love. This eternal longing has made the Chakor a timeless symbol of devotion, resilience, and unwavering purpose.
These are not just traits of a bird—they are the spirit of a nation.
As the national bird of Pakistan, the Chakor represents more than beauty. It embodies a collective identity—one built on the dreams of those who longed for a homeland carved from dignity, unity, and faith. Like the Chakor’s upward gaze, Pakistan’s journey has always been about reaching higher—through storms, through sacrifice, and through the night.
Chakor and the Spirit of Pakistan
The story of Pakistan is not unlike the Chakor’s flight. It began with a dream—a distant, luminous goal—just like the moon. Founders, freedom fighters, and everyday citizens looked upward, undeterred by distance, driven by something greater than themselves.
The Chakor’s pursuit is poetic—but purposeful. It reminds us that national identity isn’t just inherited—it’s earned every day through loyalty, vision, and courage. It is this shared pursuit that binds Chakor and Pakistan together.
So when we say, “Chakor is for Pakistan, and Pakistan is home to Chakor,” we speak of a bond that goes beyond symbols. We speak of a nation’s soul—one that rises, strives, and hopes, always with its eyes on the moon.
In a country where hope often wrestles with hardship, the Chakor reminds us of a deeper truth: the true strength of a nation lies not in comfort, but in its resilience and dreams. This bird’s eternal pursuit of the moon teaches us that dreams are not naïve—they are necessary. And like the Chakor, we too must keep our eyes fixed on our highest ideals, no matter how distant or difficult they may seem.
Chakor Ventures & Citadel 7: Turning Symbolism into Skylines
At Chakor Ventures, we don’t just admire the symbolism of the Chakor—we build with it. Our mission is to create spaces that reflect national progress, not just in concrete and steel, but in spirit and purpose.
Projects like Citadel 7, a flagship corporate and commercial tower rising in Islamabad’s prestigious Blue Area, are more than architectural achievements—they are manifestations of ambition. With every floor we build, we aim to create environments that generate employment, attract global investors, redefine urban living, and shape the skyline of a modern Pakistan.
Architecture as Aspiration: Designing the Future of Pakistan
Just as the Chakor’s flight speaks of tireless pursuit, architecture speaks of a nation’s direction. The buildings we design influence how we work, live, connect, and grow. Architecture, when rooted in values, becomes more than design—it becomes nation-building.
That’s the vision behind Citadel 7: to align real estate development with the aspirations of a rising Pakistan. To reflect dignity in design, opportunity in elevation, and pride in progress.
Answering the Chakor’s Call: Toward a Rising Nation
As we mark another year of Pakistan’s independence, the Chakor’s story continues to inspire. It reminds us to aim higher, endure longer, and dream bigger. In its timeless flight, we see our own national journey—shaped by sacrifice, carried by hope, and driven by vision.
Let us build together. Let us rise together. Let us follow the flight of the Chakor and shape the Pakistan we all believe in.
Chakor is for Pakistan, and Pakistan is home to Chakor.
Architecture in Pakistan is more than just the design of buildings—it’s a record of our identity, culture, and progress. From Mughal-inspired domes to LEED-certified skyscrapers, Pakistan’s architects have sculpted our skylines and streetscapes with vision, artistry, and grit. This blog presents a curated list of 55 famous architects of Pakistan who’ve shaped the country’s architectural landscape across generations and disciplines.
Whether you’re looking for the best architects of Pakistan, exploring the list of architects in Pakistan, or wondering who is known as the architect of Pakistan, this comprehensive guide is your starting point. It’s also part of our ongoing Independence Day blog series, tying architecture to nation-building and identity.
These individuals laid the foundation of Pakistan’s architectural identity post-1947. Their legacy continues to inspire modern practice.
Habib Fida Ali: A minimalist modernist known for blending form and functionality with grace. He was Pakistan’s first formally trained architect from Karachi
Notable Work: Shell House, LUMS campus buildings.
Yasmeen Lari: Pakistan’s first female architect and a global voice for sustainable, humanitarian design. She shifted from modernist buildings to post-disaster housing.
Notable Work: Makli eco-village, Zero Carbon Shelters for flood victims.
Nayyar Ali Dada: Celebrated for his fusion of tradition with modernism. He brought cultural sensitivity into public buildings.
Notable Work: Alhamra Arts Council, Gaddafi Stadium.
Kamil Khan Mumtaz: An advocate of regionalism and Islamic architectural heritage in modern design. His work focuses on ecological sensitivity.
Notable Work: Beaconhouse National University campus.
Arif Hasan: Urban planner and architect who champions participatory design and inclusive planning.
Notable Work: Orangi Pilot Project, Karachi Master Plans.
Tariq Hassan: Known for his civic and institutional buildings with strong visual presence.
Notable Work: Multiple civic infrastructure projects in Islamabad.
Shahab Ghani Khan: A corporate sector architect with a signature clean aesthetic and spatial clarity.
Notable Work: MCB Tower, Karachi.
Abdur Rahman Hye (A.R. Hye): Among the earliest public sector architects of Pakistan, he introduced climatic responsive architecture.
Notable Work: Government buildings across Lahore and Islamabad.
William P. Meredith: Foreign-born architect who helped design early civic infrastructure during the formation years of Pakistan.
Notable Work: Contribution to initial Islamabad layout.
Dr. Gulzar Haider: A poet, professor, and architect who brought intellectual depth to architectural discourse.
Notable Work: Islamic architectural theory and practice.
Modern & Post-Independence Architects
These are the architects shaping Pakistan’s modern face post-1990s—with a balance of technology, sustainability, and cultural relevance.
Najeeb Umar: Blends modern techniques with traditional crafts in large-scale projects.
Notable Work: Civic centers and private educational campuses.
Raza Ali Dada: Known for public projects that respect context while innovating spatially.
Notable Work: Collaborations with Nayyar Ali Dada on cultural centers.
Amjad Ali Khan: Focuses on institutional design, especially within education and health sectors.
Notable Work: University master planning.
Akeel Bilgrami: A Karachi-based architect with a reputation for high-end residential and commercial design.
Notable Work: Mixed-use towers in Clifton.
Imran Qureshi: Merges visual art with architectural thought, especially in urban installations.
Omar Hasan: Focuses on minimalism, energy efficiency, and modular construction.
Notable Work: Eco-villas and smart homes.
Nayyar Javed: Works on improving healthcare infrastructure with practical, scalable models.
Notable Work: Modular hospital units.
Imran Qadir: Advocates for vertical expansion and city densification.
Notable Work: Mid-rise apartment and office blocks.
Saifullah Lone: Known for climate-responsive designs in northern Pakistan.
Notable Work: Resorts and public buildings in Gilgit-Baltistan.
Farooq Hassan: Combines design with architectural photography and education.
Notable Work: Documentaries on Pakistan’s changing skyline.
Urban Planners & Conservationists
These architects didn’t just build—they protected and preserved. Their work in conservation, adaptive reuse, and sustainable planning has been essential in shaping public memory and civic identity.
Zain Mustafa: A conservationist and educator, Zain advocates for reimagining Islamic heritage through spatial storytelling.
Notable Work: Sufi shrines, design education in heritage.
Hammad Husain: A renowned conservation architect and academic documenting post-colonial architecture.
Notable Work: Preservation of modernist buildings.
Saima Iqbal: Champion of adaptive reuse and community-driven heritage mapping.
Notable Work: Transformation of old buildings into libraries.
Asad I. A. Khan: Expert in disaster-resilient and inclusive design.
Notable Work: Flood-proof homes in Punjab.
Zohra Rahman: Uses design for advocacy in marginalized communities.
Notable Work: Women-led community spaces.
Bilal Habib: Focuses on landscape and urban ecology.
Notable Work: Greenbelt development in Karachi.
Marvi Mazhar: Heritage activist preserving Karachi’s old city.
Hammad Nazir: Blends architectural photography with immersive design.
Notable Work: Photographic archives of vanishing architecture.
Cross-Disciplinary & Influential Architects
Dr. Nadeem Omar Tarar: Works at the intersection of architecture, anthropology, and cultural studies.
Notable Work: Writings on colonial urban legacies.
Sajida Vandal: Pioneer in heritage policy and cultural management.
Notable Work: Training programs for young conservationists.
Sarosh Waqar Khan: Advocates for universal design and accessibility.
Notable Work: Design standards for disability inclusion.
Urooj Murtaza: Uses architecture for policy advocacy and civic awareness.
Notable Work: Civic education spaces.
Mudassir Azeem: Designs interactive public architecture and urban research.
Notable Work: Public installations and street art in Lahore
Final Thoughts
This blog is part of our Independence Day storytelling series, which explores how architecture contributes to identity, economy, and civic memory in Pakistan. From the iconic mosques and modern high-rises to socially impactful housing and gender-inclusive planning—these 55 architects are shaping not just skylines, but also the story of Pakistan.
In Foundations of Freedom blog, we explored how Pakistan was built on ambition, faith, and the dream of self-determination. In this second installment, we explore how national architecture became a living expression of that dream, forming the visible soul of a young and determined nation.
Foundations of a New Identity
When Pakistan emerged on the map in 1947, it wasn’t just claiming a geography—it was asserting an idea. A new Muslim state needed symbols to represent its values, aspirations, and unity. In this formative era, architecture became a crucial tool. Every minaret, dome, arch, and corridor built in those early years carried more than function—it carried meaning. These structures were meant to anchor a national identity, inspire citizens, and declare Pakistan’s place on the world stage.
Minar-e-Pakistan: The Tower of Resolve
Standing in the heart of Iqbal Park, Lahore, Minar-e-Pakistan is among the most iconic national monuments. Constructed between 1960 and 1968, this 70-meter-high minaret marks the very ground where the Lahore Resolution was passed on March 23, 1940—a defining moment in the creation of Pakistan.
Designed by Nasreddin Murat-Khan, a Russian-born Pakistani architect, the structure beautifully blends Islamic, Mughal, and modern architectural styles. Its base is shaped like a flower petal, rising into a spiraling tower that transitions from rough stone to polished marble—a metaphor for Pakistan’s journey from struggle to refinement.
Inscriptions of the Lahore Resolution, Quranic verses, and excerpts from key historical speeches reinforce the tower’s symbolic power. It is not merely a tribute to the past but a national declaration in concrete, asserting identity, purpose, and unity.
Faisal Mosque: A Modernist Masterpiece
Perched at the foothills of Islamabad’s Margalla Hills, the Faisal Mosque is one of the largest and most unique mosques in the world. Completed in 1986 and named after King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, who funded its construction, the mosque redefined Islamic architecture in the region.
Designed by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay, the structure deviates sharply from traditional South Asian mosque designs. There are no domes, no minarets in the usual form—only four pointed spires and a triangular, tent-like roof that mirrors the peaks of the Margallas.
The minimalist and geometric design is a deliberate attempt to fuse modernism with Islamic spirituality. Inside, the spacious prayer hall is free of columns, allowing uninterrupted space for thousands of worshippers. From afar, it appears as a monumental tent in silent prayer—at once humble and majestic.
Faisal Mosque doesn’t just function as a house of worship—it stands as a beacon of Pakistan’s forward-looking identity, where faith meets innovation.
Badshahi Mosque: Legacy of the Mughals
Constructed in 1673 by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, Badshahi Mosque in Lahore is one of the most magnificent examples of Mughal architecture in the world. Though it predates Pakistan by centuries, it has become an enduring symbol of spiritual and cultural pride.
Built entirely in red sandstone with white marble inlay, the mosque can accommodate over 55,000 worshippers, making it one of the largest mosques globally. Its grandeur lies in its symmetrical design, massive domes, and towering minarets that frame Lahore’s skyline.
Source: Pexels
The inner courtyard, with its sprawling marble floor, reflects the discipline and grandeur of Mughal aesthetics. Yet, its function remains simple: a sanctuary for prayer, unity, and reflection.
Badshahi Mosque represents the deep historical roots of Islam in the subcontinent, and in the modern era, it has become a reminder that Pakistan’s identity is not new—it is the continuation of a much older civilizational legacy.
Noor Mahal: Royal Elegance in the Desert
Located in Bahawalpur, the Noor Mahal is a lesser-known but equally stunning architectural jewel. Built in 1872 during British rule by the Nawab of Bahawalpur, this palace draws heavily on Italian and neoclassical styles, with columns, verandas, and expansive halls.
Despite its European aesthetic, the palace was intended for the Nawab’s family and represents the fusion of Eastern luxury with Western elegance. With over 30 rooms, underground chambers, and a ballroom, the structure showcases the prosperity of the princely state at its peak.
Today, Noor Mahal is managed by the Pakistan Army and remains open to the public. Its beauty lies not only in its architectural finesse but in the fact that it narrates a time when Bahawalpur stood as a center of art, culture, and refinement.
Derawar Fort: Fortress of the Desert
Towering over the Cholistan Desert like a mirage, Derawar Fort is one of the most dramatic and awe-inspiring historical structures in Pakistan. Believed to have been originally built in the 9th century and later reconstructed by the Abbasi rulers, the fort comprises forty massive bastions that rise over 30 meters high and span more than 1.5 kilometers in circumference.
Its remote location and towering presence evoke a sense of ancient mystery. Derawar was a strategic military and trade post, guarding the caravan routes that once crossed the desert. The thick sandstone walls served as both defense and status symbol for the Nawabs of Bahawalpur.
Today, despite its deteriorating condition, Derawar Fort is a national treasure—a physical link to the frontier spirit and resilience of Pakistan’s desert cultures.
Fort Munro: Colonial Charm in the Highlands
Nestled in the Sulaiman Range of southern Punjab, Fort Munro offers a very different kind of architectural narrative. Named after British Colonel Munro in the late 19th century, it was developed as a hill station for British officials seeking respite from the summer heat.
Colonial-era bungalows, rest houses, and administrative buildings still dot the landscape, creating an atmosphere of quiet charm. The architecture here is simple yet strategic, focused on climatic comfort and functionality.
What makes Fort Munro unique is its role in bringing development to the Dera Ghazi Khan region and how it blends colonial utility with natural beauty. It reminds us that architectural heritage can also exist in modesty, not just grandeur.
Frere Hall: Venice in Karachi
In the bustling heart of Karachi, Frere Hall stands as a testament to colonial-era design and civic pride. Built in 1865, it is designed in the Venetian Gothic style, featuring pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and lancet windows that wouldn’t be out of place in Renaissance Europe.
Originally built as a town hall during British rule, Frere Hall has evolved into a cultural center, housing an art gallery, library, and public gardens. Its interior ceilings are adorned with murals by Sadequain, one of Pakistan’s most celebrated artists, further enriching its cultural value.
Frere Hall is not just a relic of the past—it is a living institution, blending artistic expression, historical memory, and urban vitality.
Pakistan Monument: Unity in Stone
One of the newer additions to Pakistan’s architectural landscape, the Pakistan Monument in Islamabad was inaugurated in 2007 as a tribute to the sacrifices made during the independence movement.
Designed by architect Arif Masood, the structure resembles a blooming flower, with four large petals representing Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, and three smaller petals symbolizing the country’s minority regions. At its base, a museum showcases key moments from the country’s struggle for freedom.
The Pakistan Monument is a symbol of national unity and inclusivity, reminding visitors that Pakistan is not a monolith, but a mosaic of cultures, histories, and dreams.
A Nation Built in Stone and Spirit
Pakistan’s architecture tells a story that no textbook can fully capture. From the regal grace of Noor Mahal to the modern elegance of Faisal Mosque, and from fortresses in deserts to colonial halls by the sea, these buildings are our silent storytellers.
They hold within them our history, diversity, and aspirations. And as we mark another Independence Day, we honor not just the leaders and movements—but also the architects, artisans, and visionaries who built the soul of Pakistan in stone.
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Notable Work: Shell House, LUMS campus buildings.
